有氧运动及后续使用静脉收缩性大腿袖带可在卧床休息30天后维持心肺功能，但无法维持肌肉功能。
Aerobic Exercise and Subsequent Venoconstrictive Thigh Cuffs Preserve Cardiorespiratory Fitness but not Muscle Function after 30 Days of Bed Rest.
作者信息
Berger Leonhardt, Mulder Edwin, Zange Jochen, Frings-Meuthen Petra, Frett Timo, Simon Perikles, Hoenemann Jan-Niklas, Poczatek Matthew J, Laurie Steven S, Huang Alex S, Macias Brandon, Jordan Jens, Tank Jens, Rittweger Jörn, Schmitz Marie-Therese, Pesta Dominik
机构信息
German Aerospace Center - DLR, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, GERMANY.
Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, University of Mainz, Mainz, GERMANY.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2025 Jul 3. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003803.
PURPOSE
During spaceflight, countermeasures are crucial to counteract cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal deconditioning, similar to effects seen after prolonged immobilization. Within a bed rest study simulating the effects of microgravity, we investigated the effectiveness of submaximal aerobic exercise and post-exercise venoconstrictive thigh cuffs (VTC) for maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle function.
METHODS
24 males and females were randomly allocated to a countermeasure (n = 12, age = 34 ± 9 yr, body mass index (BMI) = 22.9 ± 2.9 kg·m-2) or control group (n = 12, age = 35 ± 8 yr, BMI = 23.3 ± 2.0 kg·m-2). Participants underwent 30 d of strict 6° head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest. Six days per week, the countermeasure group completed 60 min of submaximal cycling in HDT position, followed by 6 h of VTC (50 ± 5 mm Hg). The control group maintained HDT bed rest without any countermeasure. Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength were assessed before and after bed rest via cardiopulmonary exercise testing and isokinetic dynamometry, respectively.
RESULTS
Peak oxygen uptake was maintained in the countermeasure group (-106 ± 148 mL·min-1) compared to the control group (-607 ± 343 mL·min-1; P < 0.001). The countermeasure also mitigated the decrease in plasma volume (countermeasure: -147 ± 95 mL vs control: -286 ± 153 mL; P = 0.014), peak estimated stroke volume (countermeasure: -6 ± 5 mL vs control: -21 ± 13 mL; P < 0.001) and cardiac output (countermeasure: -0.7 ± 0.9 L·min-1 vs control: -3.8 ± 2.1 L·min-1; P < 0.001). Both groups showed reductions in fat-free mass and muscle strength after bed rest.
CONCLUSIONS
Submaximal exercise with subsequent VTC preserves cardiorespiratory fitness during bed rest, likely by maintaining peak stroke volume and cardiac output. However, this countermeasure did not prevent declines of fat-free mass and muscle strength.
目的
在太空飞行期间，应对措施对于抵消心肺和肌肉骨骼功能失调至关重要，这类似于长期固定不动后出现的影响。在一项模拟微重力影响的卧床休息研究中，我们调查了次最大有氧运动和运动后静脉收缩大腿袖带（VTC）对维持心肺健康和肌肉功能的有效性。
方法
24名男性和女性被随机分配到一个应对措施组（n = 12，年龄 = 34 ± 9岁，体重指数（BMI）= 22.9 ± 2.9 kg·m-2）或对照组（n = 12，年龄 = 35 ± 8岁，BMI = 23.3 ± 2.0 kg·m-2）。参与者接受了30天严格的6°头低位倾斜（HDT）卧床休息。每周六天，应对措施组在HDT体位完成60分钟的次最大骑行，随后进行6小时的VTC（50 ± 5毫米汞柱）。对照组在没有任何应对措施的情况下维持HDT卧床休息。分别通过心肺运动测试和等速测力法在卧床休息前后评估心肺健康和肌肉力量。
结果
与对照组（-607 ± 343 mL·min-1；P < 0.001）相比，应对措施组的峰值摄氧量得以维持（-106 ± 148 mL·min-1）。该应对措施还减轻了血浆量的减少（应对措施组：-147 ± 95 mL，对照组：-286 ± 153 mL；P = 0.014）、峰值估计每搏输出量（应对措施组：-6 ± 5 mL，对照组：-21 ± 13 mL；P < 0.001）和心输出量（应对措施组：-0.7 ± 0.9 L·min-1，对照组：-3.8 ± 2.1 L·min-1；P < 0.001）。两组在卧床休息后均出现去脂体重和肌肉力量下降。
结论
次最大运动及随后的VTC在卧床休息期间可维持心肺健康，可能是通过维持峰值每搏输出量和心输出量实现的。然而，这种应对措施并未防止去脂体重和肌肉力量的下降。
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