Office Eshanie Alfred, Salimu Thomas Claydon
Ministry of Health, Zomba Central Hospital, Laboratory Department, Zomba, Malawi.
Mzuzu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Luwinga, Mzuzu, Malawi.
Pan Afr Med J. 2024 Oct 16;49:42. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2024.49.42.45119. eCollection 2024.
National Blood Transfusion Services have done a commendable job in reducing transfusion-related fatalities from viruses, syphilis, and malaria through the vigilant screening of blood donors and donated blood. Bacterial contamination of blood products remains the commonest cause of transfusion-associated fatalities, but it remains unaddressed in resource-limited countries. Up-to-date knowledge of the prevalence and causes of bacterial contamination of blood products is necessary to ensure safe blood transfusion. This study investigated the rate and spectrum of bacterial contaminants in stored blood products at the Zomba Central Hospital from October to November 2022.
in this cross-sectional study, a total of 115 blood products (whole blood, packed red blood cells, and platelets) were randomly and aseptically collected into Tryptic Soy Broth and then incubated for 7 days. After overnight incubation, all samples were subcultured onto BA, CA, and MAC. Colony morphology, gram staining, and biochemical tests were used for identification. Descriptive, correlation, and regression statistics were used, and results with p ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.
out of the 115 samples, 21 (18.3%, CI: 11.7%-26.6%) were contaminated with various gram-positive bacteria. The contaminants were Bacillus spp (33.33%), Listeria spp (33.33%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (19.05%), S. aureus (9.52%), and Enterococcus sp (4.76%). 90.5% of all the contaminated products had exceeded 2 storage weeks.
bacterial contamination of stored blood products is common at the study site presenting a significant risk of post-transfusion sepsis to the recipients. This study emphasizes the need to implement hemovigilance projects aimed at reducing bacterially contaminated blood products.
国家输血服务机构通过对献血者和捐献血液进行严格筛查，在降低与输血相关的病毒、梅毒和疟疾致死率方面做出了值得称赞的工作。血液制品的细菌污染仍然是输血相关死亡的最常见原因，但在资源有限的国家，这一问题仍未得到解决。了解血液制品细菌污染的流行情况和原因对于确保安全输血至关重要。本研究调查了2022年10月至11月在宗巴中央医院储存的血液制品中细菌污染物的发生率和种类。
在这项横断面研究中，共随机无菌采集了115份血液制品（全血、浓缩红细胞和血小板），放入胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤中，然后培养7天。过夜培养后，将所有样本接种到血琼脂平板（BA）、巧克力琼脂平板（CA）和麦康凯琼脂平板（MAC）上进行传代培养。通过菌落形态、革兰氏染色和生化试验进行鉴定。使用描述性、相关性和回归统计方法，p≤0.05的结果被认为具有统计学意义。
在115个样本中，21个（18.3%，置信区间：11.7%-26.6%）被各种革兰氏阳性菌污染。污染物包括芽孢杆菌属（33.33%）、李斯特菌属（33.33%）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（19.05%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（9.52%）和肠球菌属（4.76%）。所有受污染产品中有90.5%储存时间超过了2周。
在研究地点，储存血液制品的细菌污染很常见，给受血者带来了输血后败血症的重大风险。本研究强调需要实施旨在减少细菌污染血液制品的血液监测项目。
