Huang Ping, Zhang Fenping, Lin Yuchun, Peng Jie, Yang Zesong
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fengdu County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.
Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Jun 18;12:1593130. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1593130. eCollection 2025.
The study aims to explore the prognostic assessment value of bone marrow plasma cell morphology, Vitamin D (Vit D), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM), with the potential to provide local medical care for follow-up patients and indirectly alleviate the difficulty of accessing healthcare in higher-level hospitals.
Clinical data were collected from 111 MM patients admitted to the Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, between January 2022 and December 2024. The morphological characteristics of plasma cells in different stages of the disease were analyzed in patients with poor prognosis. The correlations between the number of plasma cells, Vit D, IL-6, laboratory indicators, and disease stages were investigated. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted based on follow-up data to assess the prognostic value of these three indicators in MM.
The heterogeneity of plasma cell morphology is evident in MM patients, and there are significant differences in the number of plasma cells between the Durie-Salmon Staging System (DS) and the International Staging System (ISS) ( < 0.05). There were marked differences in bone marrow plasma cell count, Vit D levels, and IL-6 levels across different stages ( < 0.05). The number of bone marrow plasma cells and IL-6 levels before chemotherapy were significantly higher than those after chemotherapy, with statistically significant differences ( < 0.05). Vit D positively correlated with Serum Albumin (ALB) ( = 0.581, < 0.05), while IL-6 negatively correlated with Hemoglobin (HGB) ( = -0.556, < 0.05). The number of bone marrow plasma cells and IL-6 levels positively correlated with DS stages in MM patients ( = 0.4466, 0.6347, = 0.0001, <0.0001, respectively). Vit D negatively correlated with DS stages in MM patients ( = -0.6312, < 0.0001). The combined detection AUC of 0.835 was superior to that of IL-6 ( = 2.148, = 0.032) and Vit D ( = 1.978, = 0.042) alone.
Combined detection of bone marrow cellular morphology, Vit D, and IL-6 can provide effective prognostic monitoring for MM patients, potentially offering local follow-up care, reducing economic burdens, and improving quality of life.
本研究旨在探讨骨髓浆细胞形态、维生素D（Vit D）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）在多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者中的预后评估价值，以期为后续患者提供本地医疗服务，并间接缓解高级别医院就医难的问题。
收集2022年1月至2024年12月期间重庆医科大学附属第一医院血液科收治的111例MM患者的临床资料。分析预后不良患者疾病不同阶段浆细胞的形态学特征。研究浆细胞数量、Vit D、IL-6、实验室指标与疾病分期之间的相关性。根据随访数据绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，以评估这三个指标在MM中的预后价值。
MM患者浆细胞形态的异质性明显，Durie-Salmon分期系统（DS）与国际分期系统（ISS）之间的浆细胞数量存在显著差异（<0.05）。不同阶段的骨髓浆细胞计数、Vit D水平和IL-6水平存在明显差异（<0.05）。化疗前骨髓浆细胞数量和IL-6水平显著高于化疗后，差异有统计学意义（<0.05）。Vit D与血清白蛋白（ALB）呈正相关（=0.581，<0.05），而IL-6与血红蛋白（HGB）呈负相关（= -0.556，<0.05）。MM患者骨髓浆细胞数量和IL-6水平与DS分期呈正相关（分别为=0.4466，0.6347，=0.0001，<0.0001）。MM患者中Vit D与DS分期呈负相关（= -0.6312，<0.0001）。联合检测的AUC为0.835，优于单独检测IL-6（=2.148，=0.032）和Vit D（=1.978，=0.042）。
联合检测骨髓细胞形态、Vit D和IL-6可为MM患者提供有效的预后监测，有望提供本地随访护理，减轻经济负担，提高生活质量。
