Choi Seok-Ju, Kim Dong-Ho, Lee Won-Joon, Kim Myeung Ju, Youn Kwan Hyun, Lozanoff Scott, Lee U-Young, Kim Yi-Suk
Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 06591, South Korea.
National Institute of Scientific Investigation, National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, South Korea.
Leg Med (Tokyo). 2025 Sep;77:102665. doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102665. Epub 2025 Jul 2.
Facial reconstruction in forensic anthropology is a technique to identify individuals from skeletal remains. This process is heavily reliant on accurately estimating facial features, particularly the eyes, which are the most distinctive features for facial recognition. This study aimed to analyze the anatomical relationship between the palpebral fissure and the orbit in Koreans to enhance the accuracy of facial reconstruction in 105 participants (55 males, 50 females) with a mean age of 26.0 years for males and 26.5 years for females. Measurements were obtained by superimposing 2D photographs obtained using a Head Posture Aligner with 3D skull models scanned via Cone Beam Computed Tomography. The study analyzed various anatomical landmarks on the eyelids, pupils, irises, and orbits for sex-based differences and left-right asymmetry. Results indicated more significant structural variability in the horizontal plane than in the vertical, with males exhibiting larger differences than females. Notable left-right asymmetry was observed across all horizontal variables. High regression coefficients were noted for both sexes along the reference line through the supraorbitale, whereas landmarks along the medial orbit showed lower regression coefficients. This study underscores the importance of precise landmark identification and measurement in facial reconstructions, where superimposition is crucial for estimating soft tissue placement over skeletal frameworks. The insights gained from the measurements of the palpebral fissure contribute valuable information to improving the accuracy and applicability of facial reconstruction in forensic anthropology.
法医人类学中的面部重建是一种从骨骼遗骸识别个体的技术。这一过程严重依赖于对面部特征的准确估计，尤其是眼睛，它是面部识别中最具特色的特征。本研究旨在分析韩国人睑裂与眼眶之间的解剖关系，以提高面部重建的准确性。研究对象为105名参与者（55名男性，50名女性），男性平均年龄26.0岁，女性平均年龄26.5岁。测量是通过将使用头部姿势对准仪获得的二维照片与通过锥形束计算机断层扫描扫描的三维颅骨模型叠加来进行的。该研究分析了眼睑、瞳孔、虹膜和眼眶上的各种解剖标志，以探讨基于性别的差异和左右不对称性。结果表明，水平面的结构变异性比垂直面更显著，男性的差异比女性更大。在所有水平变量上均观察到明显的左右不对称。在穿过眶上点的参考线上，男女的回归系数都很高，而在内侧眼眶上的标志点的回归系数较低。这项研究强调了在面部重建中精确地标识别和测量的重要性，在面部重建中，叠加对于估计骨骼框架上的软组织位置至关重要。从睑裂测量中获得的见解为提高法医人类学中面部重建的准确性和适用性提供了有价值的信息。
