Xie Shuang Hua, Li Shuang Ying, Su Shao Fei, Zhang En Jie, Gao Shen, Zhang Yue, Liu Jian Hui, Hu Min Hui, Liu Rui Xia, Yue Wen Tao, Yin Cheng Hong
Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China.
Department of Research Management, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China.
Biomed Environ Sci. 2025 Jun 20;38(6):678-692. doi: 10.3967/bes2025.046.
To investigate the association between ABO blood types and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.
A prospective birth cohort study was conducted. ABO blood types were determined using the slide method. GDM diagnosis was based on a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios ( s) and 95% confidence intervals ( s) between ABO blood types and GDM risk.
A total of 30,740 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.81 years were enrolled in this study. The ABO blood types distribution was: type O (30.99%), type A (26.58%), type B (32.20%), and type AB (10.23%). GDM was identified in 14.44% of participants. Using blood type O as a reference, GDM risk was not significantly higher for types A ( = 1.05) or B ( = 1.04). However, women with type AB had a 19% increased risk of GDM ( = 1.19, 95% = 1.05-1.34; < 0.05), even after adjusting for various factors. This increased risk for type AB was consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
The ABO blood types may influence GDM risk, with type AB associated with a higher risk. Incorporating it-either as a single risk factor or in combination with other known factors-could help identify individuals at risk for GDM before or during early pregnancy.
探讨ABO血型与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）风险之间的关联。
进行了一项前瞻性出生队列研究。采用玻片法确定ABO血型。根据国际糖尿病与妊娠研究组的标准，通过75克、2小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）进行GDM诊断。应用逻辑回归计算ABO血型与GDM风险之间的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
本研究共纳入30740名平均年龄为31.81岁的孕妇。ABO血型分布为：O型（30.99%）、A型（26.58%）、B型（32.20%）和AB型（10.23%）。14.44%的参与者被诊断为GDM。以O型血为参照，A型血（OR = 1.05）和B型血（OR = 1.04）的GDM风险并未显著升高。然而，即使在对各种因素进行调整后，AB型血的女性患GDM的风险仍增加了19%（OR = 1.19，95%CI = 1.05 - 1.34；P < 0.05）。在亚组分析和敏感性分析中，AB型血的这种风险增加都是一致的。
ABO血型可能影响GDM风险，AB型血与较高风险相关。将其作为单一风险因素或与其他已知因素结合起来，有助于在妊娠前或妊娠早期识别GDM风险个体。
