Poovarodom Pongsakorn, Moura Guilherme Faria, Rizzante Fabio Antonio Piola, Rungsiyakull Chaiy, Suriyawanakul Jarupol, Rungsiyakull Pimduen
Department of Reconstructive and Rehabilitation Sciences, James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 5;25(1):1106. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06445-w.
Traditional and innovative materials are widely used in dentistry; however, the mechanical behavior of hybrid custom implant abutments, particularly stress distribution in various material combinations, is not fully understood. The study aims to evaluate the mechanical behavior of hybrid custom implant abutments made from various material combinations, including their effects on von Mises stress, maximum and minimum principal stresses, and deformation.
Two 3-dimensional (3D) models were constructed: a 1.5 mm subcrestal as the test and an equicrestal model as the control. The subcrestal model explored seven materials (Zirconia, Titanium, Lithium Disilicate, Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Networks, PEEK, PEEK reinforced with carbon fiber and reinforced with glass fiber) in various abutment and crown combinations. Each model included an implant, titanium base abutment, abutment screw, a custom abutment, a zirconia crown, and bone. A 200 N load was applied, and a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) assessed peak, volume average, and distribution of von Mises stress and principal stress.
The titanium base (Tibase) exhibited the highest peak and volume average von Mises stresses (306-429 MPa), followed by the custom abutment (40-95 MPa) and crown (46-81 MPa). Material changes significantly impacted stress distribution in the Tibase and customized abutments. PICN, Zirconia, Titanium, and Lithium Disilicate abutments showed peak principal stresses between 77 and 85 MPa, while PEEK variants reduced stress in the custom abutment (35-66 MPa) but increased it in the Ti-base (356-405 MPa). PEEK also increased minimum principal stresses in the Ti-base (-400 to -600 MPa).
Abutment materials have a greater impact on stress outcomes compared to crown materials. Abutments with high Young's modulus contribute to increased core system stiffness in hybrid custom abutment complexes. Choosing abutment materials with a high Young's modulus for hybrid custom implant abutments is essential to optimize stress distribution and enhance the stability of the implant system.
传统材料和创新材料在牙科领域广泛应用；然而，混合定制种植基台的力学行为，尤其是各种材料组合中的应力分布，尚未得到充分了解。本研究旨在评估由各种材料组合制成的混合定制种植基台的力学行为，包括它们对冯·米塞斯应力、最大和最小主应力以及变形的影响。
构建了两个三维（3D）模型：一个1.5毫米龈下模型作为测试模型，一个平齐龈缘模型作为对照模型。龈下模型探究了七种材料（氧化锆、钛、二硅酸锂、聚合物渗透陶瓷网络、聚醚醚酮、碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮和玻璃纤维增强聚醚醚酮）在各种基台和牙冠组合中的情况。每个模型包括种植体、钛基台、基台螺丝、定制基台、氧化锆牙冠和骨组织。施加200牛的载荷，并通过有限元分析（FEA）评估冯·米塞斯应力和主应力的峰值、体积平均值及分布情况。
钛基台（Tibase）表现出最高的冯·米塞斯应力峰值和体积平均值（306 - 429兆帕），其次是定制基台（40 - 95兆帕）和牙冠（46 - 81兆帕）。材料变化对钛基台和定制基台中的应力分布有显著影响。聚合物渗透陶瓷网络、氧化锆、钛和二硅酸锂基台的主应力峰值在77至85兆帕之间，而聚醚醚酮变体降低了定制基台中的应力（35 - 66兆帕），但增加了钛基台中的应力（356 - 405兆帕）。聚醚醚酮还增加了钛基台中的最小主应力（-400至-600兆帕）。
与牙冠材料相比，基台材料对应力结果的影响更大。具有高杨氏模量的基台有助于提高混合定制基台复合体的核心系统刚度。为混合定制种植基台选择具有高杨氏模量的基台材料对于优化应力分布和增强种植体系统的稳定性至关重要。
