Nephrotoxicity of immunotherapy and targeted therapies used to treat paediatric cancer.

Children with cancer have had significant improvements in cure rates over the last few decades through advancements in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. However, survivors have been left with long-term adverse effects of therapy, including significant nephrotoxicity. With advancement in genomic sequencing and novel therapeutics, there has been a recent shift towards the incorporation of targeted therapies and immunotherapy to improve cure rates and reduce long-term sequelae in survivors. However, these new therapies are not without their own toxicities, and with more widespread use of these agents, paediatric oncologists and nephrologists need to be aware of the short- and long-term impact of these treatments on children with cancer. This review highlights some of the emerging knowledge regarding the impact of these novel therapeutics on the kidneys.