Growth hormone (GH) therapy has been used in patients with growth retardation and short stature due to various reasons. The safety of GH treatment is still debatable, one of which is the occurrence and development of scoliosis. In order to explore the effects of GH on the occurrence or progression of scoliosis, this review summarizes previous studies, summarizes the influence of GH treatment on the pathogenesis and progression of scoliosis, and analyzes the possible mechanism of GH in the pathogenesis and progression of scoliosis. Hopefully, it can provide a direction for future research.