David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA.
David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2021 Jan 1;519:111052. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111052. Epub 2020 Oct 14.
Growth hormone (GH) and its mediator, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) regulate somatic growth, metabolism and many aspects of aging. As such, actions of GH/IGF have been studied in many tissues and organs over decades. GH and IGF-1 are part of the hypothalamic/pituitary somatotrophic axis that consists of many other regulatory hormones, receptors, binding proteins, and proteases. In humans, GH/IGF actions peak during pubertal growth and regulate skeletal acquisition through stimulation of extracellular matrix production and increases in bone mineral density. During aging the activity of these hormones declines, a state called somatopaguss, which associates with deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system. In this review, we will focus on GH/IGF-1 action in bone and cartilage. We will cover many studies that have utilized congenital ablation or overexpression of members of this axis, as well as cell-specific gene-targeting approaches used to unravel the nature of the GH/IGF-1 actions in the skeleton in vivo.
生长激素 (GH) 和其介导物胰岛素样生长因子-1 (IGF-1) 调节躯体生长、代谢和衰老的许多方面。因此，几十年来，GH/IGF 的作用已在许多组织和器官中进行了研究。GH 和 IGF-1 是由许多其他调节激素、受体、结合蛋白和蛋白酶组成的下丘脑/垂体生长轴的一部分。在人类中，GH/IGF 的作用在青春期生长期间达到峰值，并通过刺激细胞外基质的产生和增加骨密度来调节骨骼的获得。随着年龄的增长，这些激素的活性下降，这种状态称为生长激素缺乏症，与对肌肉骨骼系统的有害影响有关。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍 GH/IGF-1 在骨骼和软骨中的作用。我们将涵盖许多利用该轴成员的先天性缺失或过表达的研究，以及用于揭示 GH/IGF-1 在体内骨骼中作用的细胞特异性基因靶向方法。
