The fullerene derivative C-CM-C was synthesized a two-step reaction using fullerene (C), curcumin (CHO), and bromoalkanes (RBr) as raw materials. The structure of C-CM-C was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (H and C NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR MS). Thermal analysis, including differential thermal analysis (DTA), vacuum stability tests (VST), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and methyl violet experiments, along with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to investigate the interaction mechanism between C-CM-C and nitrocellulose (NC). The results demonstrated that there is good compatibility between C-CM-C and NC, C-CM-C extended the color change time of methyl violet paper by 28-47 min, reduced the gas released during the thermal decomposition of NC by 0.7-1.69 mL g, and decreased the heat loss rate of NC by 9.8-15.6%. Additionally, at a minimum concentration of 0.19 g L, C-CM-C achieved a 50% removal rate of nitrogen oxides (NO ). These findings indicate that C-CM-C serves as an effective antioxidant for the removal of nitrogen oxides from NC fibers, outperforming traditional stabilizers such as diphenylamine (DPA) and C2 in improving NC stability.