Sirek Greta, Stefanovics Elina A, Iyer Rasika, Potenza Marc N, Zhai Zu Wei
Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Jul 1;36(3):89-105. doi: 10.5765/jkacap.250012.
Marijuana use (MU) and gambling are prevalent among adolescents, and marijuana products are becoming increasingly available and normalized globally. This study explored the relationships between early- (age <13 years), later- (age ≥13 years), and no-MU and substance use and violence among adolescents who gambled and did not gamble.
It analyzed data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance survey (n=2015) on MU, gambling, demographics, substance use, and violence, using adjusted multivariate logistic regression models.
The odds of current cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and heavy alcohol use; lifetime use of any substance and cocaine; current and lifetime electronic vapor product use; and physical fighting were higher across adolescents with early and later MU than those with no MU. Gambling adolescents with early-MU, compared to later- and no-MU, respectively, had greater odds of any substance use and prescription opiate misuse. Non-gambling adolescents with later-MU had higher odds of having experienced forced sexual intercourse than those with no-MU. MU by gambling status interactions were identified for prescription opiate misuse and any substance use, and having experienced bullying at school and forced sexual intercourse. However, while the simple main effects of MU on the odds of experiencing bullying among gamblers was approximately 3.9 times greater than that among non-gamblers, they were not statistically significant in either gambling group.
Early MU is associated with risky behaviors involving the use of other substances and violence, and its relationships with several factors differ according to gambling status. Reducing early engagement in addictive behaviors may be important for preventions against substance use disorders and interpersonal violence.
青少年中吸食大麻和赌博现象普遍，并且大麻制品在全球范围内越来越容易获得且日益常态化。本研究探讨了在赌博和不赌博的青少年中，早期（年龄<13岁）、后期（年龄≥13岁）和不吸食大麻与物质使用及暴力行为之间的关系。
分析了2019年青少年风险行为监测调查（n = 2015）中关于吸食大麻、赌博、人口统计学、物质使用和暴力行为的数据，采用调整后的多变量逻辑回归模型。
与不吸食大麻的青少年相比，早期和后期吸食大麻的青少年当前吸烟、饮酒和大量饮酒的几率更高；任何物质和可卡因的终身使用率更高；当前和终身使用电子蒸汽产品的几率更高；肢体冲突的几率更高。与后期和不吸食大麻的青少年相比，早期吸食大麻的赌博青少年使用任何物质和滥用处方阿片类药物的几率更高。后期吸食大麻的非赌博青少年经历强迫性交的几率高于不吸食大麻的青少年。在处方阿片类药物滥用、任何物质使用、在学校遭受欺凌和经历强迫性交方面，发现了吸食大麻与赌博状态之间的相互作用。然而，虽然吸食大麻对赌博者遭受欺凌几率的简单主效应比非赌博者大约高3.9倍，但在两个赌博组中均无统计学意义。
早期吸食大麻与涉及使用其他物质和暴力的危险行为有关，并且其与若干因素的关系因赌博状态而异。减少早期对成瘾行为的参与对于预防物质使用障碍和人际暴力可能很重要。
