Effect of dietary protein concentration and ambient temperature on the energy, protein and water metabolism of the rat.

Groups of rats (n 8) were offered, to appetite, diets containing 10 (LP), 25 (MP) and 45 (HP)% of gross energy as protein energy from 45 d of age to slaughter 50 d later. At 53 d of age, half the rats on each diet were left at 22 degrees while the other half were transferred to 6 degrees. Water balances were measured daily, and digestibilities of energy and nitrogen and the metabolizability of the diets were measured for each rat over a 7 d period at some stage between the age of 74 and 95 d. The rats were slaughtered at day 95 and their carcasses were analysed for protein, lipid, energy and ash contents. Energy expenditure was calculated as the difference between metabolizable energy intake and energy retained. Growth performance was best on the MP diet at both temperatures. At 22 degrees the rate of gain of body-weight and of energy retention, although not of protein, were slightly reduced on the HP diet while overall performance was markedly inferior on the LP diet. At 6 degrees the LP diet, while not so good as the MP diet, led to significantly better all-round growth performance than did the HP diet. Cold increased the energy expenditure of the rats by 50% (109-138 kJ/d); the increase was greater for the LP group than for the HP group. Intrascapular brown adipose tissue hypertrophied in response to cold and to the LP diet. Adrenal gland size was significantly increased by cold exposure and by increasing level of dietary protein concentration. Urine volume was more closely related to the intake of protein than to that of energy. Urinary N concentration for the HP rats was approximately double that for those on the LP diet. Cold-exposed rats had a high water content in their fat-free carcasses, but there were no differences between the dietary treatments.