Long-term patterns of axon regeneration in the sciatic nerve and its tributaries.

The present study determines the numbers of axons that regenerate after sciatic nerve transection in the rat. The transections are done by removing either 4 mm or 8 mm of the nerve. The axons are counted in the gap and distal stump of the sciatic nerve and in 5 of its tributaries. Survival time is 9 months which we define as long-term to allow comparison with short-term data obtained after a much shorter survival. The first findings is that the numbers of axons in the gap and distal stump are different in the 2 transection paradigms. For the 4 mm paradigm, more axons than normal appear in the gap and only a fraction of these pass into the distal stump. For the 8 mm paradigm, the numbers of axons in the gap are normal and the numbers in the distal stump do not deviate far from these. Thus by changing only the length of the segment of removed nerve, one causes major differences in the numbers of axons that regenerate. Second the numbers of axons that regenerate in tributary nerves that innervate muscle have a different pattern than the numbers that regenerate into cutaneous nerves. Thus the factors control axonal numbers must be different in the 2 types of nerves. Finally, axons that regenerate into tributary nerves do not, by and large, regenerate in concert with those in the distal stump of the parent nerve. Thus the factors that control axonal numbers in the tributary nerves must be different from those that control the numbers in the distal stump of the parent nerve.