Duan Yuqi, Leng Guiying, Liu Menglan, Duan Zhiqiang
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
Poult Sci. 2025 Jul 3;104(10):105527. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105527.
As a prototype of paramyxovirus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious avian pathogen that usually causes substantial economic losses to the global poultry industry. Like other paramyxoviruses, the RNA genome of NDV can encode six structural proteins and two additional non-structural proteins (known as V and W proteins). The V and W proteins produced by the NDV P gene mRNA editing have been demonstrated to be major immune evasion factors antagonizing type I interferon antiviral response. In addition, the V and W proteins are also found to determine the virulence and pathotype of NDV, and affect viral replication and pathogenicity by interacting with multiple cellular proteins. Over the past 30 years, numerous studies have been made to reveal the potential biological functions of the NDV V/W proteins, but knowledge of the structure and function of the V/W proteins is less in-depth than that of other NDV proteins or most paramyxoviruses. Meanwhile, the information available for reference remains scattered and a systematic overview is lacking. Thus, this review comprehensively summarizes the advancements in the genome organization and P gene mRNA editing of NDV, as well as the structural features, virulence, and pathotype correlations of the NDV V/W proteins. Additionally, the crucial roles of V/W-cellular protein interactions in NDV replication and pathogenicity are discussed. Finally, the future research directions and main challenges are briefly summarized. This review offers valuable insights for understanding the unclear replication and pathogenesis of NDV and developing intervention strategies to control the infection of NDV and related paramyxoviruses.
作为副粘病毒的原型，新城疫病毒（NDV）是一种高度传染性的禽类病原体，通常给全球家禽业造成重大经济损失。与其他副粘病毒一样，NDV的RNA基因组可编码六种结构蛋白和另外两种非结构蛋白（称为V蛋白和W蛋白）。已证明由NDV P基因mRNA编辑产生的V蛋白和W蛋白是拮抗I型干扰素抗病毒反应的主要免疫逃避因子。此外，还发现V蛋白和W蛋白决定NDV的毒力和致病型，并通过与多种细胞蛋白相互作用影响病毒复制和致病性。在过去30年中，人们进行了大量研究以揭示NDV V/W蛋白的潜在生物学功能，但对V/W蛋白结构和功能的了解不如对其他NDV蛋白或大多数副粘病毒深入。同时，可供参考的信息仍然分散，缺乏系统的概述。因此，本综述全面总结了NDV的基因组组织和P基因mRNA编辑方面的进展，以及NDV V/W蛋白的结构特征、毒力和致病型相关性。此外，还讨论了V/W-细胞蛋白相互作用在NDV复制和致病性中的关键作用。最后，简要总结了未来的研究方向和主要挑战。本综述为理解NDV尚不清楚的复制和发病机制以及制定控制NDV和相关副粘病毒感染的干预策略提供了有价值的见解。
