Žulpaitė Ugnė, Petrikaitė Vilma
Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Nov;241:117115. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117115. Epub 2025 Jul 8.
Early ischemia detection and effective treatment are crucial to reduce the risk of further complications. For diagnosing ischemic heart disease (IHD), ultrasound, magnetic resonance or computer tomography imaging is often used. However, each IHD diagnostic method has its own drawbacks, for example, the image of an ultrasound examination cannot be reproduced, the quality of the image itself may differ, the magnetic resonance examination requires a longer scanning time and is contraindicated for people with a pacemaker while computed tomography may have a low resolution. Recently, contrast agents have been utilised in clinical settings to improve ultrasound examination images. Nevertheless, the limitations linked to these agents motivate researchers to investigate alternative materials for enhancing image contrast. One example of such constructs could be nanoformulations. Studies show that nanoparticles are promising not only in the visualisation of damaged myocardium but also in therapy. Studies conducted in vivo demonstrate that incorporating cardiological drugs into nanoparticles can enhance their pharmacokinetic, physical, or even chemical characteristics. Targeted nanotherapy has gained considerable attention, involving the attachment of various peptides or ligands to the surface of nanoparticles, which bind to specific cell targets. While many studies are conducted under in vivo conditions, developing new nanoparticles to refine in vitro testing methodologies is crucial. This step is necessary to preclude inefficient compounds from advancing to preclinical animal studies, thus mitigating research costs.
早期缺血检测和有效治疗对于降低进一步并发症的风险至关重要。对于诊断缺血性心脏病（IHD），通常使用超声、磁共振或计算机断层扫描成像。然而，每种IHD诊断方法都有其自身的缺点，例如，超声检查的图像无法复制，图像本身的质量可能不同，磁共振检查需要更长的扫描时间，并且对于有起搏器的人是禁忌的，而计算机断层扫描的分辨率可能较低。最近，造影剂已被用于临床环境中以改善超声检查图像。然而，与这些造影剂相关的局限性促使研究人员研究用于增强图像对比度的替代材料。这种构建体的一个例子可能是纳米制剂。研究表明，纳米颗粒不仅在受损心肌的可视化方面有前景，而且在治疗方面也有前景。体内研究表明，将心脏病药物掺入纳米颗粒中可以增强其药代动力学、物理甚至化学特性。靶向纳米疗法已引起相当大的关注，涉及将各种肽或配体附着到纳米颗粒表面，这些肽或配体与特定细胞靶点结合。虽然许多研究是在体内条件下进行的，但开发新的纳米颗粒以完善体外测试方法至关重要。这一步骤对于防止低效化合物进入临床前动物研究从而降低研究成本是必要的。
