Debnath Chandan
ICAR Research Complex for North East Hill Region, Shillong, Meghalaya, PIN-793103, India.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2025 Oct;165:110554. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110554. Epub 2025 Jul 8.
This study investigated the immunomodulatory potential of dietary fermented rice water (FRW) in enhancing resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Using a completely randomized design, 360 fingerlings (11.87 ± 0.24 g) were distributed across 12 tanks with three replicates per treatment. Fish received commercial diets supplemented with 0 % (control), 1 %, 2 %, or 3 % FRW for 45 days, followed by bacterial challenge at 1 × 10 CFU/fish. FRW supplementation significantly enhanced hematological parameters compared to controls (P < 0.05). Red blood cell counts increased from 3.05 × 10 cells/μL in controls to 3.76-3.79 × 10 cells/μL in the 2 % and 3 % treatments. White blood cell counts rose from 9.18 × 10 to 12.34-12.51 × 10 cells/μL, while hemoglobin concentrations improved from 8.34 to 10.28-10.35 g/dL in supplemented groups (P < 0.05). Serum biochemical markers demonstrated substantial improvements, with total protein levels reaching 4.47-4.52 g/dL versus 3.53 g/dL in controls (P < 0.05). Non-specific immune responses, antioxidant enzyme activities, and gene expression were significantly enhanced in FRW groups (P < 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of TLR21, MyD88, IL-10, and TGF-β1, while TNF-α was downregulated compared to controls (P < 0.05). Growth performance improved significantly, with specific growth rates increasing from 1.65 %/day in controls to 1.92-1.94 %/day in the 2 % and 3 % groups (P < 0.05). Following bacterial challenge, survival rates were significantly higher in FRW-supplemented groups (66.67-84.44 %) compared to controls (46.67 %) (P < 0.001). The 2 % and 3 % treatments showed equivalent protective efficacy (P > 0.05), indicating optimal protection at 2 % inclusion level. However, careful concentration optimization remains critical as suboptimal dosing may compromise therapeutic benefits. These findings demonstrate FRW's potential as a sustainable immunostimulant for aquaculture disease management.
本研究调查了日粮发酵米水（FRW）在增强罗氏沼虾幼鱼对嗜水气单胞菌感染抵抗力方面的免疫调节潜力。采用完全随机设计，将360尾幼鱼（11.87±0.24克）分配到12个水族箱中，每个处理重复3次。鱼接受添加0%（对照）、1%、2%或3%FRW的商业饲料，持续45天，然后以1×10 CFU/鱼的剂量进行细菌攻毒。与对照组相比，添加FRW显著提高了血液学参数（P<0.05）。红细胞计数从对照组的3.05×10细胞/微升增加到2%和3%处理组的3.76-3.79×10细胞/微升。白细胞计数从9.18×10增加到12.34-12.51×10细胞/微升，而补充组的血红蛋白浓度从8.34提高到10.28-10.35克/分升（P<0.05）。血清生化指标有显著改善，总蛋白水平达到4.47-4.52克/分升，而对照组为3.53克/分升（P<0.05）。FRW组的非特异性免疫反应、抗氧化酶活性和基因表达显著增强（P<0.05）。基因表达分析显示，与对照组相比，TLR21、MyD88、IL-10和TGF-β1上调，而TNF-α下调（P<0.05）。生长性能显著提高，特定生长率从对照组的1.65%/天增加到2%和3%组的1.92-1.94%/天（P<0.05）。细菌攻毒后，添加FRW的组的存活率（66.67-84.44%）显著高于对照组（46.67%）（P<0.001）。2%和3%的处理显示出同等的保护效果（P>0.05），表明2%的添加水平具有最佳保护作用。然而，由于剂量不当可能会损害治疗效果，因此仔细优化浓度仍然至关重要。这些发现证明了FRW作为水产养殖疾病管理的可持续免疫刺激剂的潜力。
