Büser Christian, Hartung Jens, Graeff-Hönninger Simone
Institute of Crop Science Dept. of Agronomy (340a), Stuttgart, Germany.
Institute of Crop Science Dept. of Biostatistics, Stuttgart, Germany.
J Cannabis Res. 2025 Jul 10;7(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s42238-025-00302-x.
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) has served as a valuable medicinal plant for thousands of years and is experiencing a resurgence in cultivation and research due to recent legal changes. However, the resource-intensive nature of cannabis cultivation, particularly water and energy demands, poses significant environmental challenges. Outdoor cultivation in a semi-controlled environment can reduce those energy demands but necessitates irrigation. Drip irrigation (DI) is the most commonly used irrigation method but is often criticized for its susceptibility to water losses through evaporation and the risk of surface runoff. Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) provides a sustainable solution by minimizing evaporation losses while maintaining or increasing yields, thereby enhancing water use efficiency. In this study, we compared the effects of DI and SDI on weed infestation, total water usage, inflorescence yield, and water use efficiency of three CBD-rich cannabis chemotype III genotypes (Kanada, Terra Italia, FED) in an outdoor foil tunnel cultivation system. SDI resulted in a reduction of irrigation water usage by 18.6% compared to DI. Remarkably, weed dry biomass was reduced by 93.2% in SDI. Concomitantly, inflorescence yield increased by 5% and CBD concentration by 9%. Overall, the water use efficiency of inflorescence yield and CBD concentration was significantly higher in SDI than in DI. Our results indicated that implementing SDI instead of DI can significantly decrease irrigation water use and reduce weed infestation while increasing inflorescence and CBD yield, thus reducing the environmental challenges associated with cannabis cultivation.
大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）作为一种珍贵的药用植物已有数千年历史，由于近期法律变化，其种植和研究正在复兴。然而，大麻种植资源密集的特性，尤其是水和能源需求，带来了重大的环境挑战。在半控制环境下进行户外种植可以降低能源需求，但需要灌溉。滴灌（DI）是最常用的灌溉方法，但常因易因蒸发导致水分流失以及存在地表径流风险而受到批评。地下滴灌（SDI）通过最大限度减少蒸发损失，同时保持或提高产量，从而提高水分利用效率，提供了一种可持续的解决方案。在本研究中，我们比较了滴灌和地下滴灌对户外箔隧道种植系统中三种富含大麻二酚（CBD）的大麻化学型III基因型（加拿大、意大利土地、联邦）的杂草侵染、总用水量、花序产量和水分利用效率的影响。与滴灌相比，地下滴灌使灌溉用水量减少了18.6%。值得注意的是，地下滴灌中的杂草干生物量减少了93.2%。与此同时，花序产量增加了5%，CBD浓度增加了9%。总体而言，地下滴灌中花序产量和CBD浓度的水分利用效率显著高于滴灌。我们的结果表明,采用地下滴灌而非滴灌可显著减少灌溉用水，减少杂草侵染，同时提高花序和CBD产量，从而减少与大麻种植相关的环境挑战。
