Shengnan Zhang, Tao Wang, Yanan Zhang, Chao Sun
Department of Ophthalmology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China.
Sanitary Inspection Center, Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, China.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2025 Jul 10;22(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s12986-025-00967-4.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, influenced by systemic and lifestyle factors. This study investigates the causal relationships between dietary habits, sleep traits, amino acids, metabolites, and inflammatory factors with glaucoma subtypes using Mendelian randomization (MR) and validates findings through cross-sectional analysis.
MR analysis assessed the causal effects of 226 dietary factors, 11 sleep traits, 20 amino acids, 1400 metabolites, and 91 inflammatory factors on five glaucoma subtypes (NTG, POAG, PACG, NVG, XFG). Mediation MR analysis explored the role of amino acids and inflammatory factors in these relationships. Validation was conducted using NHANES cross-sectional data.
High-fat, high-calorie diets increased glaucoma risk, while antioxidant-rich foods and better sleep quality reduced it. Key mediators included proline, tyrosine, IL-1 A, and PDL1. NHANES data confirmed lower intake of vitamins A and C, higher water consumption among glaucoma patients, and significant sleep-related associations.
Our findings highlight the role of balanced diets and optimized sleep patterns in glaucoma prevention and management. This study provides evidence for targeted lifestyle interventions focusing on metabolic and inflammatory pathways to mitigate glaucoma risk.
青光眼是不可逆失明的主要原因，受全身和生活方式因素影响。本研究使用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法探究饮食习惯、睡眠特征、氨基酸、代谢物和炎症因子与青光眼亚型之间的因果关系，并通过横断面分析验证研究结果。
MR分析评估了226种饮食因素、11种睡眠特征、20种氨基酸、1400种代谢物和91种炎症因子对五种青光眼亚型（正常眼压性青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、原发性闭角型青光眼、新生血管性青光眼、先天性青光眼）的因果效应。中介MR分析探讨了氨基酸和炎症因子在这些关系中的作用。使用美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）横断面数据进行验证。
高脂肪、高热量饮食会增加青光眼风险，而富含抗氧化剂的食物和更好的睡眠质量则会降低青光眼风险。关键中介因素包括脯氨酸、酪氨酸、白细胞介素-1A和程序性死亡配体1（PDL1）。NHANES数据证实青光眼患者维生素A和C摄入量较低、饮水量较高，且存在与睡眠显著相关的关联。
我们的研究结果突出了均衡饮食和优化睡眠模式在青光眼预防和管理中的作用。本研究为针对代谢和炎症途径的靶向生活方式干预提供了证据，以降低青光眼风险。
