与家庭相关的逆境与青少年积极发展：心理困扰、绝望和敌意的作用。

Family-related adversity and positive youth development: the role of psychological distress, hopelessness and hostility.

作者信息

Mackova Jaroslava, Veselska Zuzana Dankulincova, Bobakova Daniela Filakovska, Geckova Andrea Madarasova, van Dijk Jitse P, Reijneveld Sijmen A

机构信息

Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, Kosice, 040 01, Slovak Republic.

Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 771 11, Czech Republic.

出版信息

BMC Psychol. 2025 Jul 10;13(1):771. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03098-w.

DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-03098-w

PMID:40640960

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12247354/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The family is a very important institution that provides relationships and contexts for adolescents and can activate a trajectory of their positive development. Family-related adversity can endanger this development via associated negative emotions, such as feelings of hopelessness, hostility, and psychological distress. Therefore, we aimed first to explore the association of family-related adversity with positive youth development (PYD), and second whether psychological distress, hopelessness, and hostility mediate this association.

METHODS

We obtained self-reported data from 308 Slovak adolescents (44.5% were boys, mean age = 12.55). Family-related adversity was measured using questions regarding the death of parents, divorce/separation, violence between parents, and parental substance abuse. Positive youth development was measured with the Very Short PYD questionnaire; psychological distress with the GHQ-12; hopelessness with the Hopelessness questionnaire and hostility with a subscale from the Aggression Questionnaire.

RESULTS

We found that family-related adversity was not associated with the first PYD component – internal values (regarding the domains of character and caring). However, it was negatively associated with its second component – self- and social efficacy (regarding the domains connection, competence and confidence): regression coefficient B= -0.32; 95%; confidence interval CI: -0.57 to -0.06). Next, we found that psychological distress (0.38; -0.50 to -0.26), hopelessness (-0.18; -0.31 to -0.05) and hostility (-0.23; -0.33 to -0.13) were associated with self- and social efficacy. Moreover, all potential mediators had statistically significant indirect effects: psychological distress − 0.11, hopelessness − 0.09 and hostility − 0.08.

CONCLUSION

These findings may provide suggestions for programs supporting adolescents from families in adversity. These could be directed at better coping with psychological distress and addressing hostility and hopelessness.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-025-03098-w.

摘要

背景

家庭是一个非常重要的机构，为青少年提供人际关系和环境，并能启动他们积极发展的轨迹。与家庭相关的逆境会通过相关的负面情绪，如绝望感、敌意和心理困扰，危及这种发展。因此，我们的目标首先是探讨与家庭相关的逆境与青少年积极发展（PYD）之间的关联，其次是心理困扰、绝望感和敌意是否介导这种关联。

方法

我们从308名斯洛伐克青少年（44.5%为男孩，平均年龄 = 12.55岁）那里获得了自我报告的数据。使用关于父母死亡、离婚/分居、父母之间的暴力以及父母药物滥用的问题来衡量与家庭相关的逆境。用非常简短的PYD问卷来衡量青少年积极发展；用GHQ-12来衡量心理困扰；用绝望感问卷来衡量绝望感，并用攻击问卷中的一个子量表来衡量敌意。

结果

我们发现，与家庭相关的逆境与PYD的第一个组成部分——内在价值观（关于性格和关怀领域）没有关联。然而，它与第二个组成部分——自我和社会效能（关于联系、能力和信心领域）呈负相关：回归系数B = -0.32；95%；置信区间CI：-0.57至-0.06）。接下来，我们发现心理困扰（0.38；-0.50至-0.26）、绝望感（-0.18；-0.31至-0.05）和敌意（-0.23；-0.33至-0.13）与自我和社会效能相关。此外，所有潜在的中介变量都有统计学上显著的间接效应：心理困扰为-0.11，绝望感为-0.09，敌意为-0.08。