Lance-Adams Syndrome: Current Understanding and Management.

BackgroundLance-Adams Syndrome (LAS) is a rare neurological complication of hypoxic brain injury, characterized by action- and stimulus-sensitive myoclonus in patients who have regained consciousness. Although often misinterpreted as a sign of poor prognosis, LAS can lead to significant long-term disability but also shows potential for functional recovery with appropriate management.MethodologyA narrative review was conducted using a predefined search strategy across PubMed and ScienceDirect databases to identify peer-reviewed studies on LAS published between January 2000 and April 2025. A total of 47 studies were included in the final synthesis, comprising 34 case reports, 7 narrative or scoping reviews, 2 systematic reviews and 4 original clinical studies.ResultsThe pathophysiology of LAS remains multifactorial, involving cortical hyperexcitability, subcortical disinhibition, and neurotransmitter imbalances. Electroencephalographic and imaging studies provide important diagnostic clues. Management remains largely symptomatic, based on empirical evidence. Clonazepam and valproate remain first-line therapies, while agents such as perampanel, sodium oxybate, cannabidiol, and intrathecal baclofen have been trialed in refractory cases. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation plays a crucial role in long-term outcomes.ConclusionGreater awareness and earlier recognition of LAS can improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes. Despite its rarity, clinicians should remain alert to LAS as a potentially reversible disorder when appropriately diagnosed and managed. Standardized treatment guidelines remain a future priority.