Brem S, Antoine L, Maina E, Favrot C
Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
Boehringer Ingelheim, Lyon, France.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2025 Jan;167(1):33-43. doi: 10.17236/sat00441.
Very little is known about the prevalence of pruritic diseases in dogs in general and central Europe in particular. Therefore, the goal of this study was (i) to carry out a vertical prevalence study on pruritic diseases in dogs and (ii) to characterize the signalment, distribution of pruritus and secondary infections of atopic dogs in Switzerland. Seventeen veterinarians across Switzerland contributed to the study. All pruritic cases were collected in two cold and two warm months. A total of 743 cases were included. Canine atopic dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis in this study (59,1 %), followed by otitis (26,1 %), pyoderma (22,6 %) and ectoparasites (7,1 %). French bulldog, West Highland White Terrier and American Staffordshire Terrier were overrepresented in the group with atopic dermatitis compared to the general study population. Middle aged (49,9 %), male (58,8 %) atopic dogs between 10 and 25 kg (42,6 %) were affected more frequent. The majority of dogs with atopic dermatitis (56 %) exhibited pruritus in the paws, followed by pinna/ear pruritus (48,1 %). In total 54,7 % of atopic dogs showed pyoderma, while 31,8 % had Malassezia dermatitis. Our study confirms the clinical impression of the vast majority of veterinary dermatologists, that atopic dermatitis is by far the most frequent cause of pruritus in dogs. An intriguing finding is the remarkably low prevalence of ectoparasitic conditions (7,1 %). Overall, this study highlights the significance of allergic skin diseases in the Swiss dog population.
总体而言，人们对犬类瘙痒性疾病的流行情况知之甚少，尤其是在中欧地区。因此，本研究的目的是：（i）对犬类瘙痒性疾病进行纵向流行率研究；（ii）描述瑞士特应性犬的特征、瘙痒分布及继发感染情况。瑞士各地的17名兽医参与了这项研究。所有瘙痒病例均在两个寒冷月份和两个温暖月份收集。共纳入743例病例。犬特应性皮炎是本研究中最常见的诊断疾病（59.1%），其次是中耳炎（26.1%）、脓皮病（22.6%）和外寄生虫感染（7.1%）。与总体研究群体相比，法国斗牛犬、西部高地白梗和美国斯塔福郡梗在特应性皮炎组中的占比过高。中年（49.9%）、雄性（58.8%）、体重在10至25千克之间（42.6%）的特应性犬受影响更为频繁。大多数特应性皮炎犬（56%）表现为爪部瘙痒，其次是耳廓/耳部瘙痒（48.1%）。总计54.7%的特应性犬患有脓皮病，而31.8%患有马拉色菌性皮炎。我们的研究证实了绝大多数兽医皮肤科医生的临床印象，即特应性皮炎是犬类瘙痒最常见的病因。一个有趣的发现是外寄生虫感染的患病率极低（7.1%）。总体而言，本研究凸显了过敏性皮肤病在瑞士犬类群体中的重要性。
