Broadband Visual Information Processing with 2D Materials.

Broadband in-sensor computing (BISC) technology integrates high-dimensional visual perception and processing, significantly reducing inter-unit data exchange while enhancing system efficiency and response speed. This capability is particularly crucial in addressing the exponential growth of broadband visual sensing data driven by the rapid advancement of machine vision. 2D materials, with strong light-matter interactions, broadband absorption, tunable electronic structures, and exceptional integration compatibility, offer a compelling platform for monolithic BISC implementation. This review systematically explores recent progress in broadband visual information perception and processing based on 2D materials. It begins by categorizing the broadband photodetection potential of various 2D materials, followed by an in-depth discussion of their integration into photodetectors, focusing on intrinsic 2D materials, localized field enhancement, and heterostructures. The latest advancements in BISC are then highlighted, emphasizing emerging strategies for high-dimensional visual information processing. Finally, key challenges and future directions are discussed, aiming to guide the development of 2D materials toward integrated high-dimensional sensing and intelligent computing.