Torrea Ekhiñe Oroz, Imputiua Saimado, Gorski Nika, Elobolobo Eldo, Furnival-Adams Joanna, Jamisse Edgar, Nicolas Patricia, Montaña Julia, Vegove Vegovito, Munguambe Humberto, Ruiz-Castillo Paula, Mundaca Hansel, Rudd Matthew, Rabinovich Regina, Saute Francisco, Sacoor Charfudin, Chaccour Carlos
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Our Lady of Guadalupe Catholic Clinic, Mile 91, Sierra Leone.
J Glob Health. 2025 Jul 11;15:04197. doi: 10.7189/jogh.15.04197.
Inadequate access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) accounts for a high burden of morbidity and mortality in impoverished regions. This is significantly due to infectious diseases and the direct impact on social and economic well-being. The high burden of communicable diseases and malnutrition in Mozambique, as well as high vulnerability to climate change, results in increased risk of WASH-related diseases. Our objective was to describe access to safe water and sanitation practices in Mopeia, a remote rural district in Mozambique.
The source of data for this analysis is a cross-sectional, demographic survey carried out in Mopeia in 2021 under the Broad One Health Endectocide-based Malaria Intervention in Africa project, a cluster-randomised trial to assess the impact of ivermectin on malaria transmission. The survey was conducted in all households of a sub-population created for the trial, and it included questions about WASH-related practices at the household level.
The results showed that 4200 (56.29%) households have an improved water source at walking distance, which is drastically different to sanitation practices, where 6608 (88.56%) households do not have access to at least one basic sanitation service. Data on water access for Mopeia was similar to that reported in rural contexts in sub-Saharan Africa, yet the district remains off-track from achieving universal safe water coverage in the next few years. Regarding sanitation, the use of unsafe sanitation services is more widespread than in the average rural sub-Saharan Africa (75.00%), with twice as many households (n = 3897, 56.08%) practising open land defecation.
Mopeia is still far from achieving universal safe water and sanitation coverage by 2030, especially in sanitation, and remains prone to outbreaks and has a high burden of WASH-related diseases.
在贫困地区，安全饮用水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）条件不足导致了很高的发病和死亡负担。这主要归因于传染病以及对社会和经济福祉的直接影响。莫桑比克传染病和营养不良负担沉重，且极易受到气候变化影响，导致与WASH相关疾病的风险增加。我们的目标是描述莫桑比克一个偏远农村地区莫佩亚的安全饮用水获取情况和环境卫生实践。
本分析的数据来源是2021年在莫佩亚开展的一项横断面人口调查，该调查是基于非洲基于泛健康内吸性杀虫剂的疟疾干预项目进行的，这是一项集群随机试验，旨在评估伊维菌素对疟疾传播的影响。调查在为该试验设立的一个亚人群的所有家庭中进行，其中包括有关家庭层面WASH相关实践的问题。
结果显示，4200户（56.29%）家庭在步行距离内有改善后的水源，这与环境卫生实践情况截然不同，在环境卫生方面，6608户（88.56%）家庭无法获得至少一项基本环境卫生服务。莫佩亚的用水数据与撒哈拉以南非洲农村地区报告的数据相似，但该地区在未来几年仍无法实现普遍安全供水覆盖。在环境卫生方面，不安全环境卫生服务的使用比撒哈拉以南非洲农村地区平均水平（75.00%）更为普遍，露天排便的家庭数量是其两倍（n = 3897，56.08%）。
莫佩亚在2030年前仍远未实现普遍安全用水和环境卫生覆盖，尤其是在环境卫生方面，仍然容易爆发疫情，且与WASH相关疾病负担沉重。
