Li Zhengxing, Wang Dan, Luan Hao, Chang An-Yi, Fang Zheng, Sun Lei, Ji Junyi, Shen Wei-Ting, Yu Yiyan, Yan Yiyang, Ding Shichao, Zhang Jiayuan Alex, Zhang Yichen, Peng Yifei, Fang Ronnie H, Gao Weiwei, Zhang Liangfang, Wang Joseph
Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Sci Adv. 2025 Jul 11;11(28):eadw8578. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adw8578.
Confined spaces in the human body pose substantial challenges for biomedical procedures. Navigating these ultrasmall environments is essential for precise drug delivery, improving treatment outcomes and reducing adverse effects. Microrobots offer a promising approach to accessing these complex microenvironments. Here, we show a biohybrid microrobot based on picoeukaryotes, engineered as a cargo carrier for active delivery in tight in vivo spaces. The microrobot exhibits strong in vitro motility through narrow two-dimensional and complex three-dimensional networks and, in vivo, achieves outstanding kidney penetration, uniform distribution, and >48-hour retention while resisting flow shear and immune clearance, with excellent biosafety. Their ability to retain functionality and sustain propulsion within the confined and complex kidney vasculatures and interstitial spaces underscore their potential for long-term, active delivery in confined biological environments. The picoeukaryote-based biohybrid microrobot system represents a major advancement in active drug delivery, especially tailored to the challenging microenvironments of the kidney.
人体中的受限空间给生物医学程序带来了巨大挑战。在这些超小环境中导航对于精确给药、改善治疗效果和减少不良反应至关重要。微型机器人为进入这些复杂的微环境提供了一种很有前景的方法。在此，我们展示了一种基于微微真核生物的生物杂交微型机器人，它被设计成一种货物载体，用于在紧密的体内空间中进行主动递送。该微型机器人在体外通过狭窄的二维和复杂的三维网络展现出强大的运动能力，在体内，它能实现出色的肾脏渗透、均匀分布，并在抵抗流动剪切和免疫清除的同时保留超过48小时，且具有出色的生物安全性。它们在受限且复杂的肾脏血管系统和间质空间内保持功能和持续推进的能力突出了其在受限生物环境中进行长期主动递送的潜力。基于微微真核生物的生物杂交微型机器人系统代表了主动药物递送方面的一项重大进展，尤其适用于具有挑战性的肾脏微环境。
