Nestor Brian, Elaboudi Ayah, Milligan Sara, Schotter Elizabeth R
Tufts University School of Medicine, United States.
University of South Florida, Department of Psychology, United States.
Brain Lang. 2025 Sep;268:105609. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105609. Epub 2025 Jul 11.
Readers extract information from words viewed parafoveally, but it is unclear whether this processing is limited to orthography or if it extends to lexico-semantic content. In the current ERP study, we measured the N400 responses to words that were perceived parafoveally and/or foveally using the RSVP-with-flankers paradigm and a parafoveal masking manipulation. We compared anomalous orthographically related (neighbor) and unrelated (non-neighbor) words to expected words to determine whether the N400 responses were driven by orthographic and/or semantic processing. We observed a large parafoveal N400 effect in response to the non-neighbors (versus expected), and a smaller, later parafoveal N400 for neighbors, suggesting that the parafoveal response is largely orthographic in nature. We also observed a significant reduction in foveal N400 magnitude when non-neighbor words were previously visible parafoveally (but not for the foveal N400 response to neighbors), suggesting that facilitation of foveal processing is driven by parafoveal detection of orthographic violations.
读者从旁中央凹视觉区域看到的单词中提取信息，但目前尚不清楚这种加工是否仅限于正字法，还是会扩展到词汇语义内容。在当前的一项事件相关电位（ERP）研究中，我们使用带侧翼刺激的快速序列视觉呈现（RSVP）范式和旁中央凹掩蔽操作，测量了对旁中央凹视觉区域和/或中央凹视觉区域所感知单词的N400反应。我们将正字法异常相关（邻词）和不相关（非邻词）的单词与预期单词进行比较，以确定N400反应是否由正字法和/或语义加工驱动。我们观察到，对非邻词（与预期词相比）有较大的旁中央凹N400效应，而对邻词有较小且出现时间较晚的旁中央凹N400效应，这表明旁中央凹反应在很大程度上本质上是正字法的。我们还观察到，当非邻词之前在旁中央凹视觉区域可见时，中央凹N400的波幅显著降低（但对邻词的中央凹N400反应则不然），这表明中央凹加工的促进是由旁中央凹对正字法违规的检测驱动的。
