Gudi Chinmayi R, Wannemuehler Michael J, Mansell Thomas J
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2025 Sep;224:115650. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115650. Epub 2025 Jul 9.
The gut-brain-immune (GBI) axis, connecting gut microbes, neural tissue, and the cells of the immune system, plays a critical role in human health, particularly in relation to neurological diseases. Research in this field over the last few decades shows that disruptions in the microbiome have been linked to chronic inflammation, which may contribute to neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other mental health disorders. As we gain a greater understanding of the links between these systems, novel therapeutic strategies are being explored to treat disease by modulation of the GBI axis. One of the most promising approaches is the use of live biotherapeutics, such as engineered probiotics, as next-generation drug delivery systems. These live microorganisms can be designed to deliver specific therapeutic compounds to the gut and brain in order to modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation at the source. Probiotics and live biotherapeutics can offer a targeted approach to treating neurological diseases by influencing both the microbiome and immune system. In this review, we outline the research and mechanisms that have been implicated in GBI interactions and highlight the potential of these innovative therapies in treating neurological disorders, emphasizing their role in improving precision medicine through targeted, microbiome-based interventions.
肠道-脑-免疫（GBI）轴连接着肠道微生物、神经组织和免疫系统细胞，在人类健康中起着关键作用，尤其是在与神经系统疾病相关的方面。过去几十年该领域的研究表明，微生物群的破坏与慢性炎症有关，而慢性炎症可能导致包括帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病和其他精神健康障碍在内的神经系统疾病。随着我们对这些系统之间联系的深入了解，正在探索通过调节GBI轴来治疗疾病的新型治疗策略。最有前景的方法之一是使用活生物治疗剂，如工程益生菌，作为下一代药物递送系统。这些活微生物可以被设计成将特定的治疗化合物递送至肠道和大脑，以调节免疫反应并从源头上减轻炎症。益生菌和活生物治疗剂可以通过影响微生物群和免疫系统，为治疗神经系统疾病提供一种有针对性的方法。在这篇综述中，我们概述了与GBI相互作用相关的研究和机制，并强调了这些创新疗法在治疗神经系统疾病方面的潜力，强调它们通过基于微生物群的靶向干预在改善精准医学中的作用。
