Lv Xiaokang, Qiao Zhanhong, Chen Chao, Hua Jinling, Zhou Chuanshe
College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jun 29;15(13):1920. doi: 10.3390/ani15131920.
Utilizing straw feed is an effective strategy to optimize straw resource utilization by incorporating microbial degradation agents to expedite lignocellulose breakdown and enhance feed efficiency. Lignocellulose-degrading species and microbial communities are present in various Earth ecosystems, including the rumen of ruminants, insect digestive tracts, forest soil, and microbial populations in papermaking processes. The rumen of ruminants harbors a diverse range of microbial species, making it a promising source of lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms. Exploring alternative systems like insect intestines and forest soil is essential for future research. Current studies primarily rely on traditional microbial isolation techniques to identify lignocellulose-degrading strains, underscoring the necessity to transition to utilizing microbial culturomics and genome-editing technologies for discovering and manipulating cellulose-degrading microbes. This review provides an overview of lignocellulose-degrading microbial communities from diverse environments, encompassing bacterial and fungal populations. It also delves into the use of metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metaproteomic approaches to pinpoint highly efficient cellulase genes, along with the application of genome-editing tools for engineering lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms. The primary objective of this review is to offer insights for further exploration of potential lignocellulose-degrading microbial resources and high-performance cellulase genes to enhance roughage utilization in ruminant rumen ecosystems.
利用秸秆饲料是一种有效的策略，通过加入微生物降解剂来加速木质纤维素分解并提高饲料效率，从而优化秸秆资源利用。木质纤维素降解物种和微生物群落存在于各种地球生态系统中，包括反刍动物的瘤胃、昆虫消化道、森林土壤以及造纸过程中的微生物群体。反刍动物的瘤胃中存在各种各样的微生物物种，使其成为木质纤维素降解微生物的一个有前景的来源。探索昆虫肠道和森林土壤等替代系统对未来研究至关重要。目前的研究主要依靠传统的微生物分离技术来鉴定木质纤维素降解菌株，这突出了向利用微生物培养组学和基因组编辑技术来发现和操纵纤维素降解微生物转变的必要性。本综述概述了来自不同环境的木质纤维素降解微生物群落，包括细菌和真菌群体。它还深入探讨了使用宏基因组学、宏转录组学和宏蛋白质组学方法来确定高效纤维素酶基因，以及应用基因组编辑工具对木质纤维素降解微生物进行工程改造。本综述的主要目的是为进一步探索潜在的木质纤维素降解微生物资源和高性能纤维素酶基因提供见解，以提高反刍动物瘤胃生态系统中粗饲料的利用率。
