Duangurai Taksaon, Reamtong Onrapak, Thiangtrongjit Tipparat, Jala Siriluk, Chienwichai Peerut, Thengchaisri Naris
Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 3;15(13):1962. doi: 10.3390/ani15131962.
causes both clinical and subclinical infections in rabbits, complicating a diagnosis due to the limitations of conventional tools like ELISA. This study analyzes serum proteomic profiles across clinical, subclinical, and healthy rabbits to identify discriminatory biomarkers. Serum from 90 pet rabbits (30 per group) was pooled (10 samples per pool, 3 pools per group) and analyzed using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The proteomic analysis revealed 109, 98, and 74 proteins expressed in healthy, subclinical, and clinical groups, respectively. Of these, 50, 40, and 33 proteins were unique to the healthy, subclinical, and clinical groups, respectively, with only 10 proteins shared across all. A total of 88 proteins were differentially expressed in infected groups compared to healthy controls. Importantly, 12 proteins were consistently upregulated in both subclinical and clinical infections. These include markers related to the immune response (beta-2-microglobulin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein), coagulation (antithrombin-III, alpha-1-antiproteinase S-1), vitamin A transport (retinol-binding proteins), lipid metabolism (apolipoprotein C-III), cytoskeletal regulation (actin-depolymerizing factor), extracellular matrix integrity (fibrillin 2), and oxidative stress (monooxygenase DBH-like 1). Additionally, Gc-globulin and ER lipid-raft-associated 1 were linked to immune modulation and signaling. These findings identify specific serum proteins as promising biomarkers for distinguishing subclinical from clinical encephalitozoonosis in rabbits, enabling an early diagnosis and effective disease monitoring.
兔脑炎微孢子虫可引起家兔临床感染和亚临床感染，由于酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）等传统检测方法的局限性，导致诊断困难。本研究分析了临床、亚临床和健康家兔的血清蛋白质组图谱，以确定具有鉴别意义的生物标志物。收集了90只宠物兔（每组30只）的血清（每个样本池10份样本，每组3个样本池），并使用一维凝胶电泳和质谱分析。蛋白质组分析显示，健康组、亚临床感染组和临床感染组分别有109、98和74种蛋白质表达。其中，健康组、亚临床感染组和临床感染组分别有50、40和33种独特的蛋白质，三组共有10种蛋白质。与健康对照组相比，感染组共有88种蛋白质差异表达。重要的是，有12种蛋白质在亚临床感染和临床感染中均持续上调。这些蛋白质包括与免疫反应相关的标志物（β-2-微球蛋白、α-2-HS-糖蛋白）、凝血相关标志物（抗凝血酶III、α-1-抗蛋白酶S-1）、维生素A转运相关标志物（视黄醇结合蛋白）、脂质代谢相关标志物（载脂蛋白C-III）、细胞骨架调节相关标志物（肌动蛋白解聚因子）、细胞外基质完整性相关标志物（原纤蛋白2）以及氧化应激相关标志物（单加氧酶DBH样1）。此外，Gc球蛋白和内质网脂筏相关蛋白1与免疫调节和信号传导有关。这些发现确定了特定的血清蛋白有望作为区分家兔亚临床和临床脑胞内原虫病的生物标志物，有助于早期诊断和有效的疾病监测。
