Davì Federica, Iaconis Antonella, Cordaro Marika, Di Paola Rosanna, Fusco Roberta
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Foods. 2025 Jun 23;14(13):2193. doi: 10.3390/foods14132193.
In neurons, mitochondria generate energy through ATP production, thereby sustaining the high energy demands of the central nervous system (CNS). Mitochondrial dysfunction within the CNS was implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, often involving altered mitochondrial dynamics like fragmentation and functional impairment. Accordingly, mitochondrial targeting represents an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these disorders. Current standard drug treatments present limitations due to adverse effects associated with their chronic use. Therefore, in recent years, nutraceuticals, natural compounds exhibiting diverse biological activities, have garnered significant attention for their potential to treat these diseases. It has been shown that these compounds represent safe and easily available sources for the development of innovative therapeutics, and by modulating mitochondrial function, nutraceuticals offer a promising approach to address neurodegenerative pathologies. We referred to approximately 200 articles published between 2020 and 2025, identified through a focused search across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus using keywords such as "nutraceutical," "mitochondrial dysfunction," and "neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the genesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Also, we discuss recent advances in mitochondrial targeting using nutraceuticals, focusing on their mechanisms of action related to mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission, bioenergetics, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, membrane potential, and mitochondrial DNA stability.
在神经元中，线粒体通过产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP）来生成能量，从而维持中枢神经系统（CNS）对能量的高需求。中枢神经系统内的线粒体功能障碍与神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和多发性硬化症）的发病机制和进展有关，这些疾病常常涉及线粒体动态变化的改变，如碎片化和功能受损。因此，靶向线粒体代表了治疗这些疾病的一种替代治疗策略。由于长期使用会产生不良反应，目前的标准药物治疗存在局限性。因此，近年来，营养保健品，即具有多种生物活性的天然化合物，因其治疗这些疾病的潜力而备受关注。已经表明，这些化合物是开发创新疗法的安全且易于获取的来源，并且通过调节线粒体功能，营养保健品为解决神经退行性病变提供了一种有前景的方法。我们参考了2020年至2025年间发表的约200篇文章，这些文章是通过在PubMed、谷歌学术和Scopus上使用“营养保健品”、“线粒体功能障碍”和“神经退行性疾病”等关键词进行重点搜索而确定的。本综述的目的是研究线粒体功能障碍如何导致神经退行性疾病的发生和进展。此外，我们讨论了使用营养保健品靶向线粒体的最新进展，重点关注它们与线粒体生物发生、融合、裂变、生物能量学、氧化应激、钙稳态、膜电位和线粒体DNA稳定性相关联的作用机制。
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