Reis Daniela, Schwermer Melanie, Nowak Lara, Naami Nibras, Zuzak Tycho Jan, Längler Alfred
Institute for integrative Medicine, Professorship for Integrative Pediatrics, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany.
Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke gGmbH, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313 Herdecke, Germany.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 30;17(13):2183. doi: 10.3390/nu17132183.
: More children and adolescents are adopting vegetarian diets. A balanced diet is particularly important for growth and bone development in children. It is important to clarify whether a vegetarian diet affects these processes. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies investigating differences in anthropometric data, nutrient intake, and biomarkers between vegetarian and omnivorous children. : PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Web of Science Core Collections were searched between the end of 2014 and 2023. We included peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials, intervention, or observational studies that were published in English or German and investigated the differences between healthy children and adolescents from high-income countries who consumed either a vegetarian or an omnivorous diet. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. If at least five values with the same unit were available from different studies, a cumulative analysis of selected parameters was conducted. Due to the participants' varying ages across the studies, limited cumulative analyses were conducted additionally by age category. : A total of 1681 studies were screened, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. Significant differences were found in fiber and energy intake from carbohydrates and proteins. The results were strengthened by the restricted cumulative analysis of the 2-10 age category, which also revealed significant differences when comparing VG and OM. : A higher intake of fiber, more energy from carbohydrates, and sufficient energy from proteins and less from fat can be regarded as the benefits of a vegetarian diet, according to this review. There are also the first indications of enhanced vitamin C and E, iron, folate, and magnesium intake. These characteristics can be regarded as potential benefits of a vegetarian diet. A lower vitamin B12 and vitamin D intake has been identified as a potential risk factor. Further longitudinal, prospective, observational studies are needed. Prospero registration date and number: 6 March 2023, CRD42023402301.
越来越多的儿童和青少年开始采用素食饮食。均衡饮食对儿童的生长和骨骼发育尤为重要。明确素食饮食是否会影响这些过程很重要。我们进行了一项系统的文献综述，以确定调查素食儿童和杂食儿童在人体测量数据、营养摄入和生物标志物方面差异的研究。在2014年底至2023年期间检索了PubMed、MEDLINE和Web of Science核心合集。我们纳入了以英文或德文发表的、经过同行评审的随机对照试验、干预性或观察性研究，这些研究调查了来自高收入国家的健康儿童和青少年中，食用素食或杂食的差异。该综述按照PRISMA指南进行。如果不同研究中有至少五个相同单位的值，则对选定参数进行累积分析。由于各研究中参与者年龄不同，还按年龄类别额外进行了有限的累积分析。共筛选了1681项研究，其中20项符合纳入标准。在碳水化合物和蛋白质的纤维和能量摄入方面发现了显著差异。2至10岁年龄组的受限累积分析强化了结果，该分析在比较素食组和杂食组时也显示出显著差异。根据本综述，较高的纤维摄入量、更多来自碳水化合物的能量、来自蛋白质的充足能量以及较少来自脂肪的能量可被视为素食饮食的益处。也有初步迹象表明维生素C、维生素E、铁、叶酸和镁的摄入量有所增加。这些特征可被视为素食饮食的潜在益处。已确定较低的维生素B12和维生素D摄入量是一个潜在风险因素。需要进一步进行纵向、前瞻性观察性研究。Prospero注册日期和编号：2023年3月6日，CRD42023402301。
