Carter Faith E, Jarrett Brittany Y, Oldfield Alexis L, Vanden Brink Heidi, Kim Joy Y, Lujan Marla E
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 4;17(13):2223. doi: 10.3390/nu17132223.
Lifestyle intervention is recommended as first-line treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This pilot study aimed to determine if a short-term hypocaloric dietary intervention induced changes in the phenotypic presentation of PCOS. Twenty women with PCOS and overweight/obesity participated in a 3-month hypocaloric dietary intervention with a 6-month follow-up. At pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up, assessments of menstrual cycle status, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology were performed, and PCOS phenotype status was determined using the following scale of decreasing severity: Phenotype A (ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries), Phenotype B (ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism), Phenotype C (hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries), or Phenotype D (ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovaries). The participants lost 8 ± 3% of their initial body weight with the intervention ( < 0.001). Eight (40%) participants experienced a favorable shift in PCOS phenotype, while the remaining 12 (60%) participants had an unfavorable shift or no change. Changes in PCOS phenotype were primarily driven by reductions in menstrual cycle length ( = 0.010) and follicle number per ovary ( = 0.017), albeit no baseline clinical variable predicted a favorable-change PCOS presentation. At the 6-month follow-up (N = 12), weight was increased ( < 0.05), and seven participants (58%) had reverted to a more severe phenotype. Weight loss may provide temporary improvement in the phenotypic presentation of PCOS, yet sustained lifestyle change may be required to maintain these benefits.
生活方式干预被推荐为多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的一线治疗方法。这项初步研究旨在确定短期低热量饮食干预是否会引起PCOS表型表现的变化。20名患有PCOS且超重/肥胖的女性参与了为期3个月的低热量饮食干预，并进行了6个月的随访。在干预前、干预后和随访时，对月经周期状态、高雄激素血症和多囊卵巢形态进行了评估，并使用以下严重程度递减的量表确定PCOS表型状态：A表型（排卵功能障碍、高雄激素血症和多囊卵巢）、B表型（排卵功能障碍和高雄激素血症）、C表型（高雄激素血症和多囊卵巢）或D表型（排卵功能障碍和多囊卵巢）。干预后，参与者的初始体重减轻了8±3%（<0.001）。8名（40%）参与者的PCOS表型发生了有利转变，而其余12名（60%）参与者发生了不利转变或没有变化。PCOS表型的变化主要由月经周期长度的缩短（=0.010）和每个卵巢卵泡数量的减少（=0.017）驱动，尽管没有基线临床变量能够预测PCOS表现的有利变化。在6个月的随访中（N=12），体重增加（<0.05），7名参与者（58%）恢复到了更严重的表型。体重减轻可能会使PCOS的表型表现得到暂时改善，但可能需要持续的生活方式改变来维持这些益处。
