Wójcik-Niklewska Bogumiła, Oliwa Zofia, Zdort Zofia, Smędowski Adrian
Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Professor Kornel Gibiński University Hospital Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Jul 3;15(13):1706. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15131706.
, or cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, ectodermal, and renal abnormalities. Ocular involvement, though infrequent, can include retinal dystrophy with early-onset visual impairment. We report a case of a 2-year-old boy with classic clinical features of CED and significant ocular findings. Genetic testing revealed two novel compound heterozygous variants in the gene-c.1778G>T and c.3536T>G-expanding the known mutational spectrum associated with this condition. Ophthalmologic evaluation demonstrated bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, high hyperopia, and severely reduced ERG responses, consistent with global retinal dysfunction. Fundoscopy revealed optic disk pallor, vessel attenuation, and peripheral pigment changes. Multisystem findings included postaxial polydactyly, brachydactyly, short stature, hypotonia, and stage 2 chronic kidney disease. This case highlights the importance of early ophthalmologic screening in suspected CED and underscores the utility of ERG in detecting early retinal involvement. The identification of two previously undescribed variants contributes to genotype-phenotype correlation in CED and emphasizes the need for ongoing documentation to guide diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling.
颅面外胚层发育不良(CED)是一种罕见的常染色体隐性纤毛病,其特征为颅面、骨骼、外胚层和肾脏异常。眼部受累虽不常见,但可包括伴有早发性视力损害的视网膜营养不良。我们报告一例具有CED典型临床特征和显著眼部表现的2岁男孩病例。基因检测发现该基因有两个新的复合杂合变异——c.1778G>T和c.3536T>G——扩大了与该病症相关的已知突变谱。眼科评估显示双侧视神经发育不全、高度远视以及视网膜电图反应严重降低,符合整体视网膜功能障碍。眼底检查发现视盘苍白、血管变细以及周边色素改变。多系统表现包括轴后多指畸形、短指畸形、身材矮小、肌张力低下以及2期慢性肾病。该病例凸显了对疑似CED患者进行早期眼科筛查的重要性,并强调了视网膜电图在检测早期视网膜受累方面的作用。两个先前未描述的变异的鉴定有助于CED的基因型 - 表型相关性研究,并强调持续记录以指导诊断、管理和遗传咨询的必要性。