Sintaha Mariz
Department of Life Sciences, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 2;14(13):2021. doi: 10.3390/plants14132021.
The ability of plants to protect themselves from stress-related damages is termed "adaptability" and the phenomenon of showing better performance in subsequent stress is termed "stress memory". This phenomenon has been reported in various stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, cold, and heavy metal toxicity. Histone modification leading to chromatin remodeling and accumulation of phosphorylated RNA polymerase on the promoters of memory genes is a well-known mechanism of plant stress memory. Recent studies have revealed the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and alternative splicing (AS) in memory-specific gene expression and transgenerational inheritance of stress memory. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) inhibit specific genes to enable plants to respond better in subsequent drought and heat stress, while long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in epigenetic regulation of memory gene expression in cold and salt stress. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) lead to DNA methylation during the memory response of biotic, salt, and heavy metal stress. Simultaneously, stress-responsive isoforms of tolerant genes are found to be expressed as a memory response in subsequent heat stress. This review highlights the stress-type-specific roles of ncRNAs and AS in establishing, maintaining, and transmitting stress memory, offering insights into their potential for improving crop resilience through genetic and epigenetic priming strategies.
植物保护自身免受胁迫相关损伤的能力被称为“适应性”，而在后续胁迫中表现出更好性能的现象被称为“胁迫记忆”。这种现象已在干旱、高温、盐度、寒冷和重金属毒性等各种胁迫中被报道。导致染色质重塑的组蛋白修饰以及记忆基因启动子上磷酸化RNA聚合酶的积累是植物胁迫记忆的一种众所周知的机制。最近的研究揭示了非编码RNA（ncRNA）和可变剪接（AS）在记忆特异性基因表达和胁迫记忆的跨代遗传中的作用。微小RNA（miRNA）抑制特定基因，使植物能够在后续干旱和热胁迫中更好地做出反应，而长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在寒冷和盐胁迫下记忆基因表达的表观遗传调控中发挥作用。小干扰RNA（siRNA）在生物、盐和重金属胁迫的记忆反应过程中导致DNA甲基化。同时，在后续热胁迫中，发现耐受基因的胁迫响应异构体作为记忆反应被表达。本综述强调了ncRNA和AS在建立、维持和传递胁迫记忆中的胁迫类型特异性作用，为通过遗传和表观遗传引发策略提高作物抗逆性的潜力提供了见解。
