Di Stasio Luca, Gentile Annamaria, Tangredi Dario Nicola, Piccolo Paolo, Oliva Gianmaria, Vigliotta Giovanni, Cicatelli Angela, Guarino Francesco, Guidi Nissim Werther, Labra Massimo, Castiglione Stefano
Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, PA, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 4;14(13):2057. doi: 10.3390/plants14132057.
Starting from the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century to date, urban areas have faced increasing environmental challenges due to the diffusion of harmful substances, resulting from vehicular traffic, the activities of different industries, waste, and building construction, etc. These pollutants are dangerous, since they pose a threat to both the environment and human health. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and low-cost technique that uses plants and their associated microorganisms to clean-up contaminated sites. In this review, we explore its main applications in urban settings. Specifically, we investigate how phytoremediation works, highlighting the most effective plants for its success in a city context. Moreover, we also describe the main factors influencing its effectiveness, such as soil, climate, and pollutants. In this regard, several case studies, conducted worldwide, have reported on how phytoremediation can successfully reclaim contaminated areas, transforming them into reusable city green spaces, with reduced costs compared to traditional remediation techniques (e.g., soil replacement, soil washing, etc.). Moreover, by integrating it into urban planning, cities can address environmental pollution, while promoting biodiversity, enhancing the landscape, and increasing its social acceptance. This nature-based solution offers a practical path toward more sustainable and resilient urban environments, especially in regard to the climate change framework.
从18世纪的工业革命至今，由于车辆交通、不同行业活动、废弃物及建筑施工等产生的有害物质扩散，城市地区面临着日益严峻的环境挑战。这些污染物很危险，因为它们对环境和人类健康都构成威胁。植物修复是一种环保且低成本的技术，利用植物及其相关微生物来清理受污染场地。在本综述中，我们探讨其在城市环境中的主要应用。具体而言，我们研究植物修复的工作原理，突出在城市环境中取得成功的最有效植物。此外，我们还描述影响其有效性的主要因素，如土壤、气候和污染物。在这方面，全球范围内开展的多个案例研究报告了植物修复如何能够成功修复受污染区域，将其转变为可重新利用的城市绿地，与传统修复技术（如土壤置换、土壤清洗等）相比成本更低。此外，通过将其纳入城市规划，城市可以应对环境污染，同时促进生物多样性、提升景观并提高社会接受度。这种基于自然的解决方案为建设更具可持续性和韧性的城市环境提供了一条切实可行的途径，尤其是在气候变化框架方面。
