Chen Xiaohan, Sun Sanxiang, Wu Jianyun, Ling Tianyang, Li Lei, Shi Xianwei, Yang Haifu
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710043, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 27;25(13):4009. doi: 10.3390/s25134009.
Harmful gases produced by diesel locomotives tend to accumulate within tunnels, posing risks such as dizziness, vomiting, coma, and even death to the working staff, particularly in long tunnels with high traffic density. As the number of such structures increases, ventilation in extra-long tunnels represents a critical challenge within the engineering area. In this study, the ventilation of an extra-long single-bore double-track tunnel operating with diesel locomotives is investigated. Through scale model tests and based on the inspection sensor data, the natural diffusion patterns of harmful gases under various operating conditions were elucidated. Based on the local resistance coefficient optimization theory and numerical simulations, the ventilation shafts of the tunnel were optimally designed, and an overall ventilation scheme was developed. The ventilation effect of the tunnel was verified through improved scale model tests. The results show that harmful gases primarily diffuse towards the higher elevation tunnel entrance, with only gases near the lower entrance escaping from it. Under the same operating conditions, NO diffuses more slowly than CO, making it harder to discharge. Applying the local resistance coefficient optimization theory, the inclined and vertical shafts of the tunnel can be effectively optimized. The optimized ventilation shafts, coupled with jet fans, can reduce harmful gas concentrations below safety limits within one minute. The methodologies and findings presented here can offer valuable guidance for the ventilation design of similar infrastructures.
柴油机车产生的有害气体会在隧道内积聚，给工作人员带来头晕、呕吐、昏迷甚至死亡等风险，在交通密度大的长隧道中尤为如此。随着这类建筑数量的增加，特长隧道的通风成为工程领域的一项严峻挑战。本研究对运营柴油机车的特长单洞双线隧道的通风情况进行了调查。通过缩尺模型试验并基于检测传感器数据，阐明了各种工况下有害气体的自然扩散模式。基于局部阻力系数优化理论和数值模拟，对隧道的通风竖井进行了优化设计，并制定了整体通风方案。通过改进后的缩尺模型试验验证了隧道的通风效果。结果表明，有害气体主要向海拔较高的隧道洞口扩散，只有靠近较低洞口的气体从该洞口逸出。在相同工况下，一氧化氮的扩散速度比一氧化碳慢，更难排出。应用局部阻力系数优化理论，可有效优化隧道的斜井和竖井。优化后的通风竖井与射流风机相结合，可在一分钟内将有害气体浓度降低到安全限值以下。本文提出的方法和研究结果可为类似基础设施的通风设计提供有价值的指导。
