Shen Haiming, Hao Meiqing, Ren Jiawei, Chen Kun, Gao Yang
Flight Academy, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China.
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 4;25(13):4175. doi: 10.3390/s25134175.
Cockpit noise, as a critical environmental factor affecting flight safety, may impair pilots' cognitive functions, leading to a decreased operational performance and decision-making errors, thereby posing potential threats to aviation safety. In order to reveal the relationship between the cockpit noise sound pressure level and pilot physiological indicators, and provide a scientific basis for cockpit noise airworthiness standards, this experiment takes pilot trainees as the research subject. Based on the principle of multimodal data synchronization, a sound field reconstruction system is used to reconstruct the cockpit sound field. Electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electrodermal activity (EDA) measurements are carried out in different sound pressure level noise operating environments. The results show that with the increase in the sound pressure level, the significant suppression of α-wave activity in the occipital and parietal regions suggests that the cortical resting state is lifted and visual attention is enhanced; the enhancement of the β-wave in the frontal regions reflects the enhancement of alertness and prefrontal executive control, and the suppression of θ-wave activity in the frontal and temporal regions may indicate that cognitive tuning is suppressed, which reflects the brain's rapid adaptive response to external noise stimuli in a high-noise environment; noise exposure triggers sustained sympathetic nerve hyperactivity, which is manifested by a significant acceleration of the heart rate and a significant increase in the mean value of skin conductance when the noise sound pressure level exceeds 70 dB(A). The correlation analysis between physiological indicators shows that cockpit noise has a multi-system synergistic effect on human physiological indicators. The experimental results indicate that noise has a significant impact on EEG, ECG, and EDA indicators.
驾驶舱噪音作为影响飞行安全的关键环境因素，可能会损害飞行员的认知功能，导致操作性能下降和决策失误，从而对航空安全构成潜在威胁。为了揭示驾驶舱噪音声压级与飞行员生理指标之间的关系，并为驾驶舱噪音适航标准提供科学依据，本实验以飞行学员为研究对象。基于多模态数据同步原理，使用声场重建系统重建驾驶舱声场。在不同声压级噪声操作环境下进行脑电图（EEG）、心电图（ECG）和皮肤电活动（EDA）测量。结果表明，随着声压级的增加，枕叶和顶叶区域α波活动的显著抑制表明皮层静息状态被解除，视觉注意力增强；额叶区域β波增强反映警觉性和前额叶执行控制增强，额叶和颞叶区域θ波活动的抑制可能表明认知调整受到抑制，这反映了大脑在高噪声环境中对外部噪声刺激的快速适应性反应；噪声暴露引发持续的交感神经活动亢进，当噪声声压级超过70 dB(A)时，表现为心率显著加快和皮肤电导平均值显著增加。生理指标之间的相关性分析表明，驾驶舱噪音对人体生理指标具有多系统协同作用。实验结果表明，噪音对EEG、ECG和EDA指标有显著影响。
