Mathioudakis Georgios N, Visvini Glykeria A, Sygellou Labrini, Soto Beobide Amaia, Voyiatzis George A
Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., GR-26504 Rio-Patras, Greece.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jun 24;15(13):980. doi: 10.3390/nano15130980.
The incorporation of commercial graphene oxide (GO) into composites offers significant improvements in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, making it a promising material for industrial applications. This study presents a comprehensive characterization analysis of five commercial GOs, using advanced techniques to evaluate their structural, chemical, and especially their behavior when submitted to thermal treatment. The aim is to enable the use of GO in industrial processes of particular technological importance, where its thermal stability/integrity is required, such as in polymer composites, electronic and energy storage devices, among others. Raman spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy are employed to examine the structural defects and functional groups of GOs, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides insight into the crystallinity and interlayer spacing. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) assesses the thermal stability, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) offers detailed information on the surface chemistry and relevant elemental composition of GOs. Additionally, the temperature-dependent behavior of GOs is explored through temperature-dependent XRD and IR measurements to investigate the thermal expansion and functional group stability. The study highlights the critical role of oxygen-containing groups-such as epoxides, hydroxyls, and carboxyls-while variations in the type and concentration of these functional groups across commercial GOs could influence the compatibility and performance of nanocomposites. This research attempts to fill to some extent the gap in understanding how the unique properties of different commercial GOs can be strategically applied to meet specific industrial performance requirements, such as barrier properties, transport efficiency, or mechanical strength, among others.
将商业氧化石墨烯（GO）掺入复合材料可显著改善其机械、热和电性能，使其成为工业应用中有前景的材料。本研究对五种商业GO进行了全面的表征分析，采用先进技术评估其结构、化学性质，尤其是热处理后的行为。目的是使GO能够用于具有特定技术重要性的工业过程，这些过程需要其热稳定性/完整性，例如在聚合物复合材料、电子和能量存储设备等领域。拉曼光谱和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外（ATR-FTIR）光谱用于检查GO的结构缺陷和官能团，而X射线衍射（XRD）则提供了对结晶度和层间距的深入了解。热重分析（TGA）评估热稳定性，X射线光电子能谱（XPS）提供了关于GO表面化学和相关元素组成的详细信息。此外，通过与温度相关的XRD和IR测量来探索GO的温度依赖性行为，以研究热膨胀和官能团稳定性。该研究突出了含氧基团（如环氧化物、羟基和羧基）的关键作用，而这些官能团在不同商业GO中的类型和浓度变化可能会影响纳米复合材料的相容性和性能。本研究试图在一定程度上填补理解不同商业GO的独特性能如何能够被战略性地应用以满足特定工业性能要求（如阻隔性能、传输效率或机械强度等）方面的空白。
