Chava Rama Krishna, Kang Misook
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jun 27;15(13):1000. doi: 10.3390/nano15131000.
Fabricating efficient photocatalysts that can be used in solar-to-fuel conversion and to enhance the photochemical reaction rate is essential to the current energy crisis and climate changes due to the excessive usage of nonrenewable fossil fuels. To attain high photo-to-chemical conversion efficiency, it is important to fabricate cost-effective and durable catalysts with high activity. One-dimensional cadmium sulfides (1D CdS), with higher surface area, charge carrier separation along the linear direction, and visible light harvesting properties, are promising candidates for converting solar energy to H, reducing CO to commodity chemicals, and remediating environmental pollutants. The main disadvantage of CdS is photocorrosion due to the leaching of S ions during the photochemical reactions, and further charge recombination rate leads to low quantum efficiency. Therefore, the implementation of core-shell heterostructured morphology, i.e., the growth of the shell on the surface of the 1D CdS, which offers unique features such as protection of CdS from photocorrosion, a tunable interface between the core CdS and shell, and photogenerated charge carrier separation via heterojunctions, provides additional active sites and enhanced visible light harvesting. Therefore, the viability of the core-shell synthesis strategy and synergetic effects offer a new way of designing photocatalysts with enhanced stability and improved charge separation in solar energy conversion systems. This review highlights some critical aspects of synthesizing 1D CdS core-shell heterostructures, underlying reaction mechanisms, and their performance in photoredox reactions. Finally, some challenges and considerations in the fabrication of 1D CdS-based core-shell nanostructures that can overcome the current barriers in industrial applications are discussed.
制造可用于太阳能到燃料转化并提高光化学反应速率的高效光催化剂，对于当前因不可再生化石燃料过度使用而导致的能源危机和气候变化至关重要。为了实现高的光化学转化效率，制造具有高活性、成本效益高且耐用的催化剂很重要。一维硫化镉（1D CdS）具有较高的表面积、沿线性方向的电荷载流子分离以及可见光捕获特性，是将太阳能转化为氢气、将一氧化碳还原为商品化学品以及修复环境污染物的有前途的候选材料。CdS的主要缺点是在光化学反应过程中由于S离子的浸出而导致光腐蚀，并且进一步的电荷复合率导致量子效率较低。因此，实施核壳异质结构形态，即在1D CdS表面生长壳层，具有诸如保护CdS免受光腐蚀、核CdS与壳层之间可调谐的界面以及通过异质结实现光生电荷载流子分离等独特特征，提供了额外的活性位点并增强了可见光捕获。因此，核壳合成策略的可行性和协同效应为设计在太阳能转换系统中具有增强稳定性和改善电荷分离的光催化剂提供了一种新方法。本文综述突出了合成1D CdS核壳异质结构的一些关键方面、潜在的反应机制及其在光氧化还原反应中的性能。最后，讨论了制造基于1D CdS的核壳纳米结构时可克服当前工业应用障碍的一些挑战和考虑因素。
