Saeed Yusef B, Deep Kyra, Hagendorff Andreas, Tayal Bhupendar
Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Department of Cardiology, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jun 26;14(13):4518. doi: 10.3390/jcm14134518.
Secondary mitral regurgitation (sMR) is commonly understood to be secondary to heart failure (HF), left ventricular (LV) dilation, and altered coaptation of the mitral annulus. Three forms of sMR exist: non-ischemic sMR, ischemic sMR, and atrial functional sMR. In the past, there have been limited treatment options for this condition besides medication. Recently, the management of sMR has been revolutionized by the recent advances in percutaneous transcatheter edge-to-edge repair of the mitral valve (m-TEER). However, the major trials investigating this technology have shown that appropriate patient selection is of critical importance to achieve benefit. As such, there is a renewed interest in the accurate diagnosis of sMR. Herein, we review the etiology, management, and diagnosis of sMR in the era m-TEER.
继发性二尖瓣反流（sMR）通常被认为是继发于心力衰竭（HF）、左心室（LV）扩张以及二尖瓣环对合改变。sMR存在三种形式：非缺血性sMR、缺血性sMR和心房功能性sMR。过去，除药物治疗外，针对这种病症的治疗选择有限。最近，经皮二尖瓣缘对缘修复术（m-TEER）的最新进展彻底改变了sMR的治疗方式。然而，研究这项技术的主要试验表明，选择合适的患者对于获得益处至关重要。因此，人们对sMR的准确诊断重新产生了兴趣。在此，我们综述了m-TEER时代sMR的病因、治疗和诊断。
