Marino Federica, Bonincontro Caterina, Caligaris Laura, Bellucci Letizia, Derelitto Carlo, Girolamini Luna, Cristino Sandra
Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Class S.r.l., 40054 Budrio, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 20;26(13):5933. doi: 10.3390/ijms26135933.
Contamination of environmental surfaces by nosocomial pathogens like (), (), and spp. poses significant health risks worldwide. However, gold-standard detection methods are too time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aimed to optimize loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as a rapid, innovative, and cost-effective approach, comparing its effectiveness with the gold-standard cultural method. Sterile surfaces (24 cm) were contaminated in duplicate with different concentrations of , , and reference stains. For each pair of contaminated surfaces, one was analyzed using the agar contact plate method (UNI EN 17141:2021), while the other was analyzed using LAMP, following three different pre-incubation times (three, six, and nine hours). The sensitivity and accuracy of LAMP for improved with longer incubation times, reaching a value of 1.00 at nine hours, while the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) remained at 1.00 regardless of the incubation time. For , LAMP achieved a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 1.00 across all incubation times. Finally, for , sensitivity increased from 0.57 at three hours to 1.00 at six and nine hours, with a high specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV from six hours onwards. These findings showed that LAMP can be used as a rapid and reliable alternative to gold-standard methods for detecting pathogens on surfaces. The high sensitivity and specificity achieved, especially at six and nine hours of pre-incubation, suggested its use for real-time monitoring in healthcare settings. Further research in real-world environments is needed to confirm these findings.
医院病原体如()、()和 spp. 对环境表面的污染在全球范围内构成了重大健康风险。然而,金标准检测方法耗时且 labor-intensive。本研究旨在优化环介导等温扩增(LAMP)作为一种快速、创新且经济高效的方法,并将其有效性与金标准培养方法进行比较。无菌表面(24厘米)被不同浓度的、和参考菌株重复污染。对于每对污染表面,一个使用琼脂接触平板法(UNI EN 17141:2021)进行分析,另一个在三种不同的预孵育时间(三小时、六小时和九小时)后使用LAMP进行分析。LAMP对的敏感性和准确性随着孵育时间延长而提高,在九小时时达到1.00,而特异性和阳性预测值(PPV)无论孵育时间如何均保持在1.00。对于,LAMP在所有孵育时间内的敏感性、特异性、准确性、PPV和阴性预测值(NPV)均达到1.00。最后,对于,敏感性从三小时时的0.57增加到六小时和九小时时的1.00,从六小时起具有高特异性、准确性、PPV和NPV。这些发现表明,LAMP可作为检测表面病原体的金标准方法的快速可靠替代方法。所实现的高敏感性和特异性,特别是在预孵育六小时和九小时时,表明其可用于医疗环境中的实时监测。需要在实际环境中进行进一步研究以证实这些发现。