Positive Behavioral, Morphophysiological, and Gene Expression Effects of the Administration of Virgin Coconut Oil in an Ischemic Stroke Surgical Rat Model.

Stroke is still considered a predominant cause of morbidity and mortality, for which research on prevention and cure has been sought to prevent neuronal damage after a stroke incident. In this research, we evaluated the protective effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) using behavioral, morphophysiological, and gene expression parameters using an ischemic stroke surgical rat model using Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Eight-week-old SD rats were subjected to repeated oral administration (5 mL/kg/day) of either 1% Tween 80 or VCO. For behavioral and morphophysiological parameters, surgery was performed for each group, after which neurological scoring was performed at 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, 5 d, and 10 d. Further, hematological and brain morphology assessment was performed after euthanasia and necropsy of the animals. For gene expression studies, surgery was performed with animals sacrificed at different time points (baseline, before surgery, 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery) to collect the brain. Results of the study showed that there are differences in the neurological scores between the two treatments 24 h, 48 h, and 5 d after surgery. Brain morphology assessment also showed favorable results for VCO for infarct size, edema, and hypoxic neurons. Gene expression studies also showed positive results with an increase in the relative expression of angiogenin (), angiopoietin (), , dynamin-related protein 1 (), mitofusin 2 (), and mitochondrial rho () and decreased relative expression of caspase 3, receptor for advanced glycation end-product ), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (). In summary, the current study shows that VCO may have protective effects on the brain after stroke, which may be explained by the results of the gene expression studies.