Moran Ian, Villani Cassandra, George Anne
Brodie Tooth Development Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 29;26(13):6278. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136278.
Autophagy is a cellular process that recycles intracellular macromolecules and degrades toxic cytoplasmic material to provide the cell with nutrients and facilitate survival. Although autophagy and its role in the differentiation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and odontoblasts has been described, the importance of autophagy during matrix mineralization remains unaddressed. This review aims to characterize the autophagy/matrix mineralization relationship and elucidate the significance of autophagy during matrix mineralization. During the mineralization process, autophagy is important for cell survival and promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts and odontoblasts, the key cells that facilitate bone and dentin formation. Differentiation of these cells results in the synthesis of an organic proteinaceous matrix which subsequently forms the template for the deposition of calcium and phosphate to ultimately form crystalline hydroxyapatite. In bone, autophagy influences osteoblastic/osteoclastic activity and bone remodeling. In dentin, autophagy participates in odontogenic differentiation and facilitates odontoblastic secretion of dentin matrix proteins. This review aims to show that autophagy is critical for bone mineralization and tooth formation by supporting intracellular signaling pathways required for cell differentiation and subsequent matrix mineralization.
自噬是一种细胞过程，可回收细胞内大分子并降解有毒的细胞质物质，为细胞提供营养并促进其存活。尽管自噬及其在成骨细胞、破骨细胞和成牙本质细胞分化中的作用已有描述，但自噬在基质矿化过程中的重要性仍未得到探讨。本综述旨在描述自噬与基质矿化的关系，并阐明自噬在基质矿化过程中的意义。在矿化过程中，自噬对细胞存活很重要，并促进成骨细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化，而成骨细胞和成牙本质细胞是促进骨和牙本质形成的关键细胞。这些细胞的分化导致有机蛋白质基质的合成，随后该基质形成钙和磷酸盐沉积的模板，最终形成结晶羟基磷灰石。在骨中，自噬影响成骨细胞/破骨细胞活性和骨重塑。在牙本质中，自噬参与牙源性分化并促进成牙本质细胞分泌牙本质基质蛋白。本综述旨在表明，自噬通过支持细胞分化和随后的基质矿化所需的细胞内信号通路，对骨矿化和牙齿形成至关重要。
