May Philip A, Hasken Julie M, Blankenship Jason, Marais Anna-Susan, Gossage J Phillip, Kalberg Wendy O, De Vries Marlene, Robinson Luther K, Buckley David, Manning Melanie, Parry Charles D H, Hoyme H Eugene, Tabachnick Barbara, Seedat Soraya
Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.
Center on Alcohol, Substance Use and Addictions (CASAA), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2025 Jul 12. doi: 10.1111/acer.70105.
Animal models suggest that paternal alcohol consumption may influence offspring traits, yet few human studies exist.
Data from population-based studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) among first-grade students provided case-control data to explore traits of fathers of children with: FASD, alcohol exposure, and unexposed controls.
Most males in this population drank, but more fathers of children with FASD drank during pregnancy ( = 73.2%) than fathers of controls ( = 63.4%). Among drinkers, fathers of children with FASD: (a) consumed more drinks per occasion than controls ( = 11.5 vs. 9.7 for maternally exposed controls and 8.1 for maternally unexposed controls), (b) drank more frequently and binged, and (c) were reported to have had a drinking problem ( = 27.8% vs. = 18.8%). Partial correlations, controlling for maternal average drinks per drinking day (DDD) by trimester and maternal tobacco use, indicated a significant, negative association between paternal heavy/binge drinking (≥5) and child outcomes resulting in a significant reduction in child height, head circumference, and verbal IQ. Categorical analysis of combined levels of maternal and paternal drinking indicated a significant mean reduction in child height, head circumference, and verbal IQ centile, and a significant increase in total dysmorphology score, did not occur without maternal drinking. Combined paternal and maternal drinking pattern analysis also indicated that paternal drinking was not independently associated with child total dysmorphology scores or neurocognitive outcomes. Models of maternal and paternal drinking were significant, but main and significant effects on total dysmorphology and neurocognitive outcomes were via maternal alcohol consumption. Likewise, paternal alcohol consumption was not independently associated with an FASD diagnosis when controlling for prenatal maternal alcohol and tobacco use.
Paternal alcohol consumption was associated with an independent, negative influence on child height, head circumference, and verbal IQ. Maternal drinking, when combined with heavy male drinking, was associated with more severe FASD outcomes.
动物模型表明，父亲饮酒可能会影响后代特征，但人类研究较少。
来自对一年级学生胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）进行的基于人群研究的数据提供了病例对照数据，以探究患有FASD、有酒精暴露的儿童以及未暴露对照组儿童的父亲的特征。
该人群中的大多数男性饮酒，但患有FASD的儿童的父亲在孕期饮酒的比例（=73.2%）高于对照组儿童的父亲（=63.4%）。在饮酒者中，患有FASD的儿童的父亲：（a）每次饮酒量多于对照组（母亲暴露的对照组为11.5杯，母亲未暴露的对照组为9.7杯，母亲未暴露的对照组为8.1杯），（b）饮酒更频繁且有暴饮情况，（c）据报告有饮酒问题（=27.8%，而=18.8%）。通过控制孕期各阶段母亲平均每日饮酒量（DDD）和母亲吸烟情况进行的偏相关分析表明，父亲大量/暴饮饮酒（≥5杯）与儿童发育结果之间存在显著的负相关，导致儿童身高、头围和语言智商显著降低。对母亲和父亲饮酒水平组合的分类分析表明，若无母亲饮酒，儿童身高、头围和语言智商百分位数不会出现显著平均降低，总畸形分数也不会显著增加。父亲和母亲饮酒模式的综合分析还表明，父亲饮酒与儿童总畸形分数或神经认知结果无独立关联。母亲和父亲饮酒模型具有显著性，但对总畸形和神经认知结果的主要和显著影响是通过母亲饮酒产生的。同样，在控制产前母亲饮酒和吸烟情况时，父亲饮酒与FASD诊断无独立关联。
父亲饮酒与儿童身高、头围和语言智商存在独立的负面影响。母亲饮酒与男性大量饮酒相结合时，与更严重的FASD结果相关。
