Zhang Qi, Ma Xiaofeng
School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
Psychol Res. 2025 Jul 12;89(4):123. doi: 10.1007/s00426-025-02159-4.
Previous research has examined how emotion regulation influences human memory in the context of negative emotional stimuli. However, the specific impact of emotion regulation on the retrieval practice effects, particularly covert and overt formats, remains unclear. This study conducted three experiments to investigate how two commonly used emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) affect the covert and overt retrieval practice effects. In Experiment 1, a modified retrieval practice paradigm was employed with a 3 (emotion regulation strategy: cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, control) × 2 (learning condition: retrieval practice vs. restudy) mixed-design. The results revealed that cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression differentially affected the retrieval practice effect. Moreover, Experiments 2 and 3 investigated how different emotion regulation strategies influence the effects of both overt and covert retrieval practice. The results not only replicated the findings from Experiment 1 but also revealed that cognitive reappraisal effectively mitigated the disruptive effects of negative emotion on both overt and covert retrieval practice. In sum, cognitive reappraisal was a successful emotion regulation strategy that improved retrieval practice processes.
以往的研究考察了情绪调节在负面情绪刺激背景下如何影响人类记忆。然而，情绪调节对检索练习效果的具体影响，尤其是隐蔽和公开形式的影响，仍不清楚。本研究进行了三项实验，以探究两种常用的情绪调节策略（认知重评和表达抑制）如何影响隐蔽和公开的检索练习效果。在实验1中，采用了一种改进的检索练习范式，采用3（情绪调节策略：认知重评、表达抑制、控制）×2（学习条件：检索练习与重新学习）混合设计。结果显示，认知重评和表达抑制对检索练习效果有不同影响。此外，实验2和实验3研究了不同的情绪调节策略如何影响公开和隐蔽检索练习的效果。结果不仅重复了实验1的发现，还表明认知重评有效地减轻了负面情绪对公开和隐蔽检索练习的干扰作用。总之，认知重评是一种成功的情绪调节策略，可改善检索练习过程。
