Bidwe Ranjeet, Kale Sahil, Khaire Gautam, Patankar Jay, Mane Deepak, Sawant Suraj
Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune Campus, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, 412115, India.
Department of Computer Engineering, SCTR's, Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune, 411043, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 12;15(1):25267. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10071-5.
Military operations call for secure, imperceptible, and reliable communication systems for transmitting highly sensitive data such as geographical co-ordinates. This study proposes a novel hybrid framework combining AES-based encryption and hash-driven multi-image steganography to transmit co-ordinate data over TCP/IP networks securely. Our innovation lies in building an imperceptible, powerful yet computationally efficient and practical system for communicating sensitive location data. With the use of perceptual colour plane splicing to enhance imperceptibility against visual and statistical detection, we eliminate all traditional vulnerabilities in transmission as well as key exchange. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we evaluated the system through a practical test consisting of more than 100 experiments using images of various resolutions. The proposed model achieved a peak PSNR of 94.76 dB and an average PSNR exceeding 82 dB across all image types, ensuring imperceptibility well above the 36 dB visibility threshold. The mean square error (MSE) was consistently below 0.001, and histogram analysis confirmed visual consistency between cover and stego images. Modern steganographic attack tools (StegExpose, StegDetect) failed to detect hidden data, confirming robustness. Furthermore, the system maintained low transmission overhead (under 300 KB for 100 co-ordinates) and demonstrated resilience against passive attacks and advanced attackers targeting data leaks. Our work thus fills a critical research gap by designing a purpose-built, end-to-end secure transmission system for co-ordinate data, especially suited for real-time military scenarios requiring confidentiality, untraceability, and minimal visual and computational footprint.
军事行动需要安全、难以察觉且可靠的通信系统来传输诸如地理坐标等高度敏感的数据。本研究提出了一种新颖的混合框架,该框架结合了基于高级加密标准(AES)的加密和哈希驱动的多图像隐写术,以在TCP/IP网络上安全地传输坐标数据。我们的创新之处在于构建一个难以察觉、功能强大但计算高效且实用的系统,用于通信敏感的位置数据。通过使用感知颜色平面拼接来增强对视觉和统计检测的不可感知性,我们消除了传输以及密钥交换中的所有传统漏洞。为了评估所提出框架的有效性,我们通过一个实际测试对该系统进行了评估,该测试使用了各种分辨率的图像进行了100多次实验。所提出的模型在所有图像类型上实现了94.76 dB的峰值峰值信噪比(PSNR),平均PSNR超过82 dB,确保了远高于36 dB可见度阈值的不可感知性。均方误差(MSE)始终低于0.001,并且直方图分析证实了载体图像和含密图像之间的视觉一致性。现代隐写术攻击工具(StegExpose、StegDetect)未能检测到隐藏数据,证实了其鲁棒性。此外,该系统保持了较低的传输开销(100个坐标时低于300 KB),并展示了对被动攻击和针对数据泄露的高级攻击者的抵御能力。因此,我们的工作通过设计一个专门用于坐标数据的端到端安全传输系统,填补了一个关键的研究空白,该系统特别适用于需要保密性、不可追溯性以及最小视觉和计算足迹的实时军事场景。