Güneş Bahar Gezer, Uçmak Zeynep Günay, Koenhemsi Lora, Tarhan Duygu, Yalcın Ibrahim Ertugrul, Or Mehmet Erman, Halaç Barış, Ak Seyyal
Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34320, Türkiye.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34320, Türkiye.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2025 Aug;90:127696. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127696. Epub 2025 Jul 10.
Pyometra is a life-threatening disease characterized by persistent endometrial inflammation and bacterial colonization, which occur through enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms. Minerals and trace elements have effective roles in numerous metal-dependent enzyme and protein activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), progesterone (P4) levels, serum and uterine tissue iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) concentrations and Cu/Zn ratio in dogs with pyometra and healthy controls.
This study included 43 dogs divided into two groups: a Control Group (n = 23) and a Pyometra Group (n = 20), 12 with open-cervix and 8 with closed-cervix pyometra. All animals underwent ovariohysterectomy, and intrauterine swab samples were collected for bacterial culture. Mineral analysis in serum and uterine tissue was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
All dogs in this study were multiparous and at the luteal phase of the estrous stage. Isolated microbial agents in Group PYO were Gram-negative bacteria. Increase in P4 (P = 0.01), CRP, WBC, MLR, NLR, and decrease in ALB levels observed in Group PYO (P < 0.001). Significant rise in serum and uterine Cu, Fe, and Mg concentrations and decrease in serum and uterine Se and Zn concentrations were determined in pyometra cases (P < 0.001). Also, Cu/Zn ratio both in serum and uterine tissue samples were significantly higher in Group PYO than in Group C (P < 0.001).
Changes in CRP, WBC, MLR, NLR, P4 and ALB reflected the inflammatory response and immune deficiency in the presence of canine pyometra. Significant differences in serum and uterine Cu, Fe, Mg, Se, and Zn concentrations in pyometra cases proved that these elements can be used as non-enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers. To our knowledge, the present study explored firstly Cu/Zn ratio in canine pyometra cases as an oxidative stress biomarker. It was concluded that Mg, Cu/Zn and trace elements can be effective markers to assess the non-enzymatic antioxidant status in canine pyometra cases.
子宫蓄脓是一种危及生命的疾病，其特征为持续性子宫内膜炎症和细菌定植，这是通过酶促和非酶促抗氧化机制发生的。矿物质和微量元素在众多金属依赖性酶和蛋白质活性中发挥着有效作用。本研究的目的是评估患有子宫蓄脓的犬和健康对照犬的单核细胞与淋巴细胞比率（MLR）、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率（NLR）、白细胞（WBC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白蛋白（ALB）、孕酮（P4）水平、血清和子宫组织中的铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）、硒（Se）、锌（Zn）、镁（Mg）、锰（Mn）浓度以及铜/锌比率。
本研究纳入43只犬，分为两组：对照组（n = 23）和子宫蓄脓组（n = 20），其中12只患有开放性子宫颈子宫蓄脓，8只患有闭锁性子宫颈子宫蓄脓。所有动物均接受了卵巢子宫切除术，并采集子宫内拭子样本进行细菌培养。使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - OES）对血清和子宫组织进行矿物质分析。
本研究中的所有犬均为经产犬且处于发情期的黄体期。子宫蓄脓组分离出的微生物为革兰氏阴性菌。子宫蓄脓组观察到P4升高（P = 0.01）、CRP、WBC、MLR、NLR升高，ALB水平降低（P < 0.001）。子宫蓄脓病例中血清和子宫中的铜、铁和镁浓度显著升高，血清和子宫中的硒和锌浓度降低（P < 0.001）。此外，子宫蓄脓组血清和子宫组织样本中的铜/锌比率均显著高于对照组（P < 0.001）。
CRP、WBC、MLR、NLR、P4和ALB的变化反映了犬子宫蓄脓时的炎症反应和免疫缺陷。子宫蓄脓病例中血清和子宫中的铜、铁、镁、硒和锌浓度存在显著差异，证明这些元素可作为非酶促抗氧化生物标志物。据我们所知，本研究首次探讨了犬子宫蓄脓病例中的铜/锌比率作为氧化应激生物标志物。得出的结论是，镁、铜/锌和微量元素可作为评估犬子宫蓄脓病例中非酶促抗氧化状态的有效标志物。
