Higgins Stephen T, Erath Tyler G, Chen Fang Fang, DeSarno Michael J
Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, UHC, MS482 Burlington 05401, Vermont, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, UHC, MS482 Burlington 05401, Vermont, United States; Department of Psychological Science, and University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, UHC, MS482 Burlington 05401, Vermont, United States.
Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, UHC, MS482 Burlington 05401, Vermont, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, UHC, MS482 Burlington 05401, Vermont, United States.
Prev Med. 2025 Jul 11:108359. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108359.
This study investigated rural disparities in cigarette smoking among U.S. women by age (18-65+ years) across survey years (2002-2022).
METHODS, DATA SOURCE: Data came from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Women were categorized by rural-urban residence and age. We examined associations between residence, age, and time on current-smoking prevalence and quit ratios in two-year bins using weighted logistic-regression adjusting for race/ethnicity, education, annual income.
Effects of residence on current-smoking prevalence interacted with time (t[df = 430,180] = 4.51, P < .001), with reductions over time among urban (AOR = 0.95, 95 %CI: 0.94-0.96, P < .001) but not rural residents (AOR = 0.99, 95 %CI: 0.98-1.01, P = .66). Residence interacted with age (t[df = 430,180] = -4.90, P < .001), with greater smoking among rural women in younger (AORs≥1.23, 95 %CI: 1.01-1.44, Ps ≤ 0.008), but not older age brackets (AORs ≤1.04, 95 %CI: 0.74-1.35, Ps ≥ 0.688). Rural residence predicted lower odds of quitting smoking (AOR = 0.80, 95 %CI: 0.71-0.91, P < .001).
There is a growing disparity in smoking prevalence that disproportionately impacts rural women ages 18-49 years raising concerns about multigenerational adverse effects as this demographic is most likely to be pregnant or parenting young children. There is also a rural disparity in quitting smoking across age groups underscoring a need for greater access to smoking-cessation services among rural women.
本研究调查了2002年至2022年期间美国18至65岁以上女性吸烟情况的农村差异。
方法、数据来源：数据来自全国药物使用和健康调查。女性按城乡居住地和年龄分类。我们使用加权逻辑回归分析，对种族/族裔、教育程度、年收入进行调整，以两年为间隔，研究居住地、年龄和时间与当前吸烟流行率和戒烟率之间的关联。
居住地对当前吸烟流行率的影响与时间存在交互作用（t[自由度 = 430,180] = 4.51，P <.001），城市居民的吸烟率随时间下降（优势比 = 0.95，95%置信区间：0.94 - 0.96，P <.001），而农村居民则不然（优势比 = 0.99，95%置信区间：0.98 - 1.01，P =.66）。居住地与年龄存在交互作用（t[自由度 = 430,180] = -4.90，P <.001），农村年轻女性吸烟率更高（优势比≥1.23，95%置信区间：1.01 - 1.44，P ≤ 0.008），而老年女性则不然（优势比≤1.04，95%置信区间：0.74 - 1.35，P ≥ 0.688）。农村居民戒烟的几率较低（优势比 = 0.80，95%置信区间：0.71 - 0.91，P <.001）。
吸烟流行率的差距越来越大，对18至49岁的农村女性影响尤甚，鉴于这一人群最有可能怀孕或抚养幼儿，令人担忧会产生多代不良影响。各年龄组农村女性在戒烟方面也存在差异，这凸显了农村女性更需要获得戒烟服务。
