Dematteis Alessandro, Miszczyk Marcin, Cormio Angelo, Matsukawa Akihiro, Gontero Paolo, Shariat Shahrokh F
Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza at Molinette Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Curr Opin Urol. 2025 Sep 1;35(5):574-582. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000001322. Epub 2025 Jul 17.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent evidence on the role of radiotherapy in managing pelvic lymph node (PLN) recurrence following curative-intent primary therapy for prostate cancer (PCa), focusing on radiotherapy strategies, novel medical imaging, and oncological outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET (PSMA-PET) has improved accuracy of staging in patients with PCa; however, more often than not, it fails to correctly identify PLN metastases, and the impact on clinical outcomes of the patients is uncertain. Metastasis-directed therapies (MDT) combined with short-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with PLN recurrence are associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrence compared to more comprehensive approaches. Emerging data support the role of elective nodal radiotherapy (ENRT) combined with short-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy boost to the PLN metastases to enhance disease control. Notably, despite treating a more extensive pelvic region than MDT, ENRT does not appear to significantly increase acute toxicity or negatively impact quality of life (QoL). Recent evidence suggests a role for androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI), such as enzalutamide, in patients with high-risk biochemical recurrence, introducing a new treatment paradigm for patients ineligible for salvage radiotherapy. Ongoing prospective studies are refining the role of radiotherapy in combination with systemic treatments. SUMMARY: Despite PSMA-PET allowing for improved staging and better patient-tailored decisions, patients with PLN recurrence continue to benefit from comprehensive multimodal treatment approach. Elective PLN irradiation combined with radiotherapy boost and ADT lead to improved disease control, without compromising safety and toxicity. ARPI+ADT and ARPI-monotherapy emerge as alternatives for select patients.
综述目的:总结近期关于放射治疗在前列腺癌(PCa)根治性原发治疗后盆腔淋巴结(PLN)复发管理中的作用的证据,重点关注放射治疗策略、新型医学成像和肿瘤学结局。 最新发现:前列腺特异性膜抗原PET(PSMA-PET)提高了PCa患者分期的准确性;然而,它往往无法正确识别PLN转移,对患者临床结局的影响尚不确定。与更全面的方法相比,PLN复发患者采用转移灶定向治疗(MDT)联合短期雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT)的复发风险显著更高。新出现的数据支持选择性淋巴结放疗(ENRT)联合短期雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT)以及对PLN转移灶进行放疗增敏以加强疾病控制的作用。值得注意的是,尽管ENRT治疗的盆腔区域比MDT更广泛,但它似乎不会显著增加急性毒性或对生活质量(QoL)产生负面影响。最近的证据表明,雄激素受体途径抑制剂(ARPI),如恩杂鲁胺,在高危生化复发患者中发挥作用,为不符合挽救性放疗条件的患者引入了新的治疗模式。正在进行的前瞻性研究正在完善放疗与全身治疗联合应用的作用。 总结:尽管PSMA-PET有助于改善分期并做出更适合患者的决策,但PLN复发患者仍受益于全面的多模式治疗方法。选择性PLN照射联合放疗增敏和ADT可改善疾病控制,而不影响安全性和毒性。ARPI+ADT和ARPI单药治疗成为部分患者的替代选择。
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