So Suzanne H, Chau Anson Kai Chun, Gaudiano Brandon A, Ellett Lyn, Lincoln Tania M, Morris Eric M J, Kingston Jessica L
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
J Mood Anxiety Disord. 2024 Jan 20;5:100052. doi: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100052. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Biases in risk perception (e.g. excessive attribution of likelihood of negative events happening to oneself, or perceived harm of neutral events) have been suggested as risk factors for psychopathologies such as generalised anxiety and persecutory ideation, although this line of research is limited by small samples and a lack of a suitable risk perception scale.
Using the Risk Perception Questionnaire, four risk perception dimensions (likelihood, harm, controllability, and intentionality) of negative and neutral events were tested in association with anxiety and paranoia. In view of common co-occurrence between the two symptom variables, their associations with risk perception were tested by using partial correlations (at baseline) and comparisons of cross-lagged path models (over 3 months).
A representative community-based sample of 445 adults were included. At baseline, after controlling for correlations between levels of anxiety and paranoia, anxiety was uniquely correlated with three risk perception dimensions for negative events (likelihood, harm, and intentionality), whereas paranoia was uniquely correlated with all risk perception dimensions for both negative and neutral events. The best-fitted cross-lagged path model revealed that, after controlling for auto-regressions within variables, baseline level of anxiety predicted perceived harm of negative events at 3 months, whereas baseline levels of perceived intentionality of neutral events and likelihood of negative events predicted level of paranoia at 3 months.
While risk perception of negative events is shared between anxiety and paranoia, risk perception of neutral events is uniquely characteristic of paranoia. Implications on maintenance of sub-clinical symptoms are discussed.
风险感知偏差（例如，过度将负面事件发生的可能性归因于自己，或对中性事件的感知危害）已被认为是诸如广泛性焦虑和被害妄想等精神病理学的风险因素，尽管这一研究领域受到样本量小和缺乏合适的风险感知量表的限制。
使用风险感知问卷，对负面和中性事件的四个风险感知维度（可能性、危害、可控性和意向性）与焦虑和偏执进行关联测试。鉴于这两个症状变量之间常见的共现情况，通过使用偏相关（在基线时）和交叉滞后路径模型比较（超过3个月）来测试它们与风险感知的关联。
纳入了一个具有代表性的基于社区的445名成年人样本。在基线时，在控制焦虑和偏执水平之间的相关性后，焦虑与负面事件的三个风险感知维度（可能性、危害和意向性）存在独特的相关性，而偏执与负面和中性事件的所有风险感知维度都存在独特的相关性。拟合度最佳的交叉滞后路径模型显示，在控制变量内的自回归后，焦虑的基线水平预测了3个月时负面事件的感知危害，而中性事件的感知意向性和负面事件的可能性的基线水平预测了3个月时的偏执水平。
虽然焦虑和偏执都存在对负面事件的风险感知，但对中性事件的风险感知是偏执独有的特征。讨论了对亚临床症状维持的影响。
