Zhang Shujing, Liu Daphne Y, Bai Jinbing, Fu Jia-Chen, Jiang Feng, Nehl Eric, Liu Huanzhong, Liu Yanqun, Zhang Chunhua, Tang Yi-Lang, Kaslow Nadine J
Emory University School of Medicine, United States.
University of Denver, United States.
J Mood Anxiety Disord. 2024 Jan 6;5:100046. doi: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100046. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Limited data are available on risk (psychological effects of trauma, negative coping) and protective (resilience, positive coping) factors for psychological distress among Chinese healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic. Thus, this study investigated the: (1) association between both the psychological effects of trauma and negative coping and psychological distress; and (2) moderating effects of resilience and positive coping on these associations.
Participants ( = 196; = 32.8; = 7.5; 77% female) from two hospitals in China completed self-report measures of the psychological effects of trauma (Impact of Event Scale-Revised), negative and positive coping (Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire), resilience (Connor Davidson Resilience Scale) and distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; Patient Health Questionnaire-9) in March 2022.
Results from this cross-sectional study revealed that HCWs who endorsed greater psychological effects of trauma had more psychological distress when they had lower levels of positive coping ((DASS-21 ( = -0.03, = 0.01, = .007); PHQ-9 ( = -0.005, = 0.002, = .015)). HCWs who endorsed more negative coping had more psychological distress when they were less resilient ((DASS-21 ( = -0.02, = 0.01, = .035); PHQ-9 (( = -0.01, = 0.002, = .031)) and used less positive coping ((DASS-21 ( = -0.13, = 0.03, < .001); PHQ-9 ( = -0.02, = 0.006, < .001)).
Psychological distress level was higher among HCWs who experienced more trauma or used negative coping strategies. They also had lower resilience and relied less on positive coping strategies. To help HCWs in China during public health crises, interventions must bolster their resilience and positive coping skills.
关于疫情期间中国医护人员心理困扰的风险因素（创伤的心理影响、消极应对方式）和保护因素（心理韧性、积极应对方式）的数据有限。因此，本研究调查了：（1）创伤的心理影响和消极应对方式与心理困扰之间的关联；（2）心理韧性和积极应对方式对这些关联的调节作用。
来自中国两家医院的196名参与者（平均年龄=32.8岁，标准差=7.5岁；77%为女性）于2022年3月完成了关于创伤心理影响（事件影响量表修订版）、消极和积极应对方式（简易应对方式问卷）、心理韧性（康纳-戴维森心理韧性量表）以及心理困扰（抑郁、焦虑和压力量表；患者健康问卷-9）的自我报告测量。
这项横断面研究的结果显示，在积极应对水平较低时，认可创伤心理影响较大的医护人员有更多的心理困扰（抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21（β=-0.03，标准误=0.01，p=.007）；患者健康问卷-9（β=-0.005，标准误=0.002，p=.015））。认可更多消极应对方式的医护人员在心理韧性较低时（抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21（β=-0.02，标准误=0.01，p=.035）；患者健康问卷-9（β=-0.01，标准误=0.002，p=.031））以及积极应对方式较少时（抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21（β=-0.13，标准误=0.03，p<.001）；患者健康问卷-9（β=-0.02，标准误=0.006，p<.001））有更多的心理困扰。
经历更多创伤或采用消极应对策略的医护人员心理困扰水平更高。他们的心理韧性也较低，且较少依赖积极应对策略。为了在公共卫生危机期间帮助中国的医护人员，干预措施必须增强他们的心理韧性和积极应对能力。
